The purpose of this article is twofold: to theoretically assess ideational and organizational explanatory factors in the adoption of artificial intelligence policies; and to examine the extent to which the European Union has managed to facilitate a coordinated artificial intelligence policy in the Nordic countries. The study utilizes a mixed-methods approach based on systematic web searching, systematic policy document analysis and key informant semi-structured interviews. The study finds that the European Union has utilized framing-based strategies to set an agenda for a coordinated European artificial intelligence policy. Moreover, the strategy has affected member-state artificial intelligence policies to the extent that key tenets of European Union artificial intelligence discourse have penetrated Nordic public documents. However, the extent to which the Nordic countries incorporate European Union artificial intelligence policy discourse diverges at the national level. Differentiated national organizational capacities among Nordic countries make the adoption of artificial intelligence policies divergent. This observation is theoretically accounted for through a conversation between organizational theory of public governance and discursive institutionalism. The study argues that the framing of European Union artificial intelligence policies is filtered through organizational structures among states.

Points for practitioners

The study illuminates how policymakers in the Nordic countries are affected by the European Union when crafting their own artificial intelligence policies. The European Commission profoundly influences the policymaking of member states and affiliated states through the policy strategy of policy framing. The Commission uses this soft measure to nudge member states to comply with the European Union policy framework. Second, the study shows how ‘organizations matter’: variation in national organizational capacities in the Nordic states contributes to variation in national policy adoption. Even though Nordic countries adopt European Union-level policy frames, their implementation is shaped by varying organizational capacities available at the national level.

中文翻译：

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话语框架和组织场所：人工智能政策采用的机制

本文的目的是双重的：从理论上评估采用人工智能策略时的概念和组织解释因素；并研究欧洲联盟在多大程度上促进了北欧国家协调一致的人工智能政策。这项研究采用了混合-方法的探讨基于系统的网络搜索，系统的政策文件分析和关键知情人半-结构化的采访。该研究发现，欧盟已利用基于框架的策略来制定协调的欧洲人工智能政策议程。此外，该策略影响了成员国的人工智能政策，以至于欧盟人工智能话语的主要原则已渗透到北欧的公共文献中。但是，北欧国家在何种程度上纳入了欧洲联盟人工智能政策的话语在国家层面上是不同的。北欧国家之间国家组织能力的差异使人工智能政策的采用有所不同。从理论上讲，这种观察是通过公共治理的组织理论与话语制度主义之间的对话来解释的。

从业人员要点

该研究阐明了北欧国家的政策制定者在制定自己的人工智能政策时如何受到欧盟的影响。欧盟委员会通过制定政策框架的政策战略，深刻影响着成员国和附属国家的决策。委员会使用这一软措施促使成员国遵守欧洲联盟的政策框架。第二，研究表明“组织如何重要”：北欧国家国家组织能力的差异导致国家政策采用的差异。尽管北欧国家采用了欧盟一级的政策框架，但其实施情况却受到国家一级可用的组织能力变化的影响。