Objective

This experiment provides a first-of-its-kind driving-simulator study to investigate the feasibility of camera-monitor systems (CMS) with displaced side-mounted cameras in sedans.

Background

Among the increasing number of studies investigating the replacement of side-mounted rearview mirrors with CMS, the placement of side-mounted cameras has been largely neglected. Moreover, user preferences with respect to camera placement have not been validated in a driving simulator. Past research merely has shown that the vertical camera position can affect distance perception.

Method

In a driving simulator experiment, we investigated the effects of rearward camera placement on driver acceptance and performance. Thirty-six participants performed multiple lane changes in a last safe-gap paradigm. The camera position, ego-velocity, and velocity of the approaching vehicle varied across the experiment.

Results

The results suggest a clear preference for a high rearward perspective, whereas participants disliked the lower viewpoint. However, these stark differences were only marginally mirrored in lane change performance. Average safety margins tended to decrease and their variation tended to increase for the low camera position.

Conclusion

Even if the impact of the camera position on driving behavior seems to be small in sedans, driver expectations show clear-cut preferences. When designing CMS, this should be taken into account, as these preferences could promote the use of CMS and thus their positive impact on safety.

Application

Designers should place side-mounted cameras as high as possible to increase acceptance of CMS. Low camera positions are not recommended, as they might decrease safety margins and are not appreciated by drivers.

中文翻译：

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举起摄像头的案例：摄像头监控系统的驾驶模拟器测试

客观的

该实验提供了首创的驾驶模拟器研究，以研究在轿车中使用移位的侧置摄像头的摄像头监控系统 (CMS) 的可行性。

背景

在越来越多的调查用 CMS 替代侧装后视镜的研究中，侧装摄像头的放置在很大程度上被忽视了。此外，用户对摄像头放置的偏好尚未在驾驶模拟器中得到验证。过去的研究仅表明垂直相机位置会影响距离感知。

方法

在驾驶模拟器实验中，我们研究了后置摄像头放置对驾驶员接受度和性能的影响。36 名参与者在最后一个安全间隙范例中进行了多次变道。摄像机位置、自身速度和接近车辆的速度在整个实验过程中各不相同。

结果

结果表明，参与者明显偏爱高向后视角，而参与者不喜欢低位视角。然而，这些明显的差异仅略微反映在变道性能上。对于较低的相机位置，平均安全裕度趋于下降，并且它们的变化趋于增加。

结论

即使摄像头位置对轿车驾驶行为的影响似乎很小，但驾驶员的期望表现出明确的偏好。在设计 CMS 时，应考虑到这一点，因为这些偏好可以促进 CMS 的使用，从而对安全产生积极影响。

应用

设计人员应将侧装摄像头放置在尽可能高的位置，以提高对 CMS 的接受度。不建议将摄像头置于较低位置，因为它们可能会降低安全系数并且不会受到驾驶员的欢迎。