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‘Sharing in need’: How allocator and recipient's hunger shape food distributions in a dictator game
Journal of Experimental Social Psychology ( IF 3.532 ) Pub Date : 2021-04-23 , DOI: 10.1016/j.jesp.2021.104152
Lotte van Dillen , Gert-Jan Lelieveld , Wilhelm Hofmann , Erik W. de Kwaadsteniet

Do people in need share less with others? And what if the recipient is in need too? In two experiments, we addressed these questions by testing whether fasting-induced and self-rated hunger influence allocations in a dictator game in which allocators distribute food (cookies) between themselves and a recipient. In line with rational choice theory, which posits that a deprived good should increase in value (Smith, 1759; Von Neumann & Morgenstern, 1944), findings from the current studies consistently showed that participants shared fewer cookies when they were, and/or perceived themselves to be, in a food-deprived state. Across studies, participants moreover seemed to project their own hunger onto the recipient's state, as emotional perspective taking accounts propose, but this did not vary between fasting and control conditions, and did not translate into actual sharing differences, suggesting that these formed no basis for other-regarding decisions. Whether or not participants accounted for the recipient's hunger when redistributing foods, depended on whether they possessed actual knowledge of the recipient's deprivation state, such that participants engaged in greater sharing when they knew the recipient had been fasting (Study 2), but not in the absence of such knowledge (Study 1). Taken together, the results involving the need state of the recipient seem to provide most support for the need principle, that suggests that people share out of distributive justice considerations, where they take into account the recipient's need (Deutsch, 1975).



中文翻译:

``共享需求'':独裁者游戏中分配者和接受者的饥饿如何影响食物分配

有需要的人与他人分享的更少吗?如果接收者也有需要怎么办?在两个实验中,我们通过测试禁食引起的饥饿和自我评估的饥饿是否影响独裁者游戏中的分配来解决这些问题,在独裁者游戏中分配者在他们自己和接收者之间分配食物(饼干)。根据理性选择理论,即被剥夺的商品应增加价值(Smith,1759; Von Neumann和Morgenstern,1944),目前的研究结果一致表明,参与者在被感知和/或感知时共享的Cookie减少了自己处于食物匮乏状态。此外,在所有研究中,参与者似乎都将自己的饥饿感投射到了接受者的状态上,这是考虑到情感观点的建议,但这在禁食和控制条件之间没有变化,并没有转化为实际的共享差异,表明这些差异没有构成其他参考决策的基础。参与者在重新分配食物时是否考虑了接收者的饥饿感,取决于他们是否真正了解了接收者的饥饿状态,从而使参与者在知道接收者禁食时进行了更大的分享(研究2),但没有参与其中。缺乏此类知识(研究1)。总体而言,涉及接受者需求状态的结果似乎为需求原则提供了最大的支持,这表明人们在分配正义的考虑中分享了考虑接受者需求的情况(Deutsch,1975)。参与者在重新分配食物时是否考虑了接收者的饥饿感,取决于他们是否真正了解了接收者的饥饿状态,从而使参与者在知道接收者禁食时进行了更大的分享(研究2),但没有参与其中。缺乏此类知识(研究1)。总体而言,涉及接受者需求状态的结果似乎为需求原则提供了最大的支持,这表明人们在分配正义的考虑中分享了考虑接受者需求的情况(Deutsch,1975)。参与者在重新分配食物时是否考虑了接收者的饥饿感,取决于他们是否真正了解了接收者的饥饿状态,从而使参与者在知道接收者禁食时进行了更大的分享(研究2),但没有参与其中。缺乏此类知识(研究1)。总体而言,涉及接受者需求状态的结果似乎为需求原则提供了最大的支持,这表明人们在分配正义的考虑中分享了考虑接受者需求的情况(Deutsch,1975)。这样,参与者在知道接收者已经禁食的情况下进行更大程度的分享(研究2),但在缺乏这种知识的情况下(研究1)则无法分享。总体而言,涉及接受者需求状态的结果似乎为需求原则提供了最大的支持,这表明人们在分配正义的考虑中分享了考虑接受者需求的情况(Deutsch,1975)。这样,参与者在知道接收者已经禁食的情况下进行更大程度的分享(研究2),但在缺乏此类知识的情况下(研究1)则无法分享。总体而言,涉及接受者需求状态的结果似乎为需求原则提供了最大的支持,这表明人们在分配正义的考虑中分享了考虑接受者需求的情况(Deutsch,1975)。

更新日期:2021-04-23
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