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Multi-Centered Worlds, Limited Accessibility and Ways of Believing
Philosophia Pub Date : 2021-04-23 , DOI: 10.1007/s11406-021-00373-z
Hector Guzman-Orozco

Recent descendants of David Lewis, such as Stephen Torre, Dilip Ninan, and Dirk Kindermann have utilized multi-centered propositions, which are roughly sets of possible worlds centered on a sequence of individuals, to characterize the content of attitudes. In an attempt to explain counterfactual attitudes such as wishing and imagining, Ninan (2012, 2013) developed a more fine-grained characterization of multi-centered propositions than others in the multi-centered camp. While Ninan provides a systematic explanation of the nature of de se attitudes (attitudes one expresses with first-person pronouns like ‘I’ or ‘me’), the nature of other types of indexical attitudes (attitudes one expresses with indexical terms like ‘you,’ ‘today,’ ‘now,’) is not explored. This paper does two things. First, it demonstrates how we can account for indexical attitudes within Ninan’s framework. This, however, has the consequence of generating propositions of limited accessibility of sorts, which in turn conflict with a received and simple model of linguistic communication. According to this simple model, successful communication consists of the transmission of mental content from speaker to hearer. Second, in light of this conflict, the paper proposes an adjustment to Ninan’s theory in order to avoid commitment to propositions of limited accessibility, and thus preserve the shareability of attitudinal content from speaker to hearer.



中文翻译:

多中心世界,有限的可及性和信仰方式

大卫·刘易斯的近代后代,例如史蒂芬·托雷,狄利普·尼南和德克·金德曼,都利用了多中心命题来表征态度的内容,这些命题大致是围绕一系列个人的可能世界的集合。为了解释诸如希望和想象之类的反事实态度,Ninan(2012,2013)对多中心命题进行了比多中心阵营中的其他人更细粒度的表征。虽然Ninan提供了有关de本质的系统解释态度(人们用第一人称代词如“我”或“我”表示的态度),其他类型的索引态度(用诸如“你”,“今天”,“现在”等索引术语表示的态度)的性质是没有探索。本文做了两件事。首先,它展示了我们如何在Ninan的框架内解释索引态度。然而,这具有产生种类的可访问性受限的主张的结果,这又与所接收的简单的语言交流模型相冲突。根据这个简单的模型,成功的交流包括从说话者到听者的心理内容传输。其次,鉴于这种冲突,本文建议对Ninan的理论进行调整,以避免对有限可及性的主张做出承诺,

更新日期:2021-04-23
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