Background & Objectives: Japanese encephalitis/acute encephalitis syndrome (JE/AES) is one of the major zoonotic arbodiseases that has a significant effect on human and animal health. Though many studies have been published on the epidemiology and transmission mechanisms of JE/AES, but there is little evidence on health system preparedness, including community-based engagement. This study was undertaken to explore a multi-stakeholder perspective on health system preparedness for the prevention of JE/AES in a tribal district of Odisha, India.
Methods: This study was conducted at Malkangiri district of Odisha. A total of nine focus group discussions (FGDs) among women having under-five children, community volunteers, and community health workers (CHWs), and 20 in-depth-interviews (IDIs) among community leaders, healthcare providers, and programme managers were conducted. The FGDs and IDIs were digitally recorded, transcribed, translated and analysed using content analysis approach.
Results: Health system preparedness for the prevention of JE/AES was improved, including effective vector management, implementation of the surveillance system, and vaccination programme. The JE vaccine was introduced under Universal Immunization Programme in Odisha in 2016. Behavioural Change Communication activities were provided with the support of community volunteers on Village Health Nutrition and Sanitation Day (VHNSD) under Gaon Kalyan Samiti (GKS) platforms. The CHWs were actively involved in vector management and raising sanitation and hygiene awareness.
Interpretation & conclusions: Community participation and coordination between different stakeholders have a significant impact on the successful implementation of the programme. It was suggested that there was a need for a sustainability approach to active participation, orientation and capacity building training among CHWs and community volunteers to successfully implement the programme.

中文翻译：

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印度奥里萨邦部落地区日本脑炎/急性脑炎综合征 (JE/AES) 预防的卫生系统准备和社区参与

背景与目的：日本脑炎/急性脑炎综合征 (JE/AES) 是主要的人畜共患虫媒病之一，对人类和动物的健康有显着影响。尽管已经发表了许多关于 JE/AES 的流行病学和传播机制的研究，但几乎没有关于卫生系统准备的证据，包括基于社区的参与。本研究旨在探讨印度奥里萨邦部落地区卫生系统准备预防 JE/AES 的多方利益相关者观点。
方法：这项研究是在奥里萨邦的 Malkangiri 区进行的。在有 5 岁以下孩子的妇女、社区志愿者和社区卫生工作者 (CHW) 中进行了 9 次焦点小组讨论 (FGD)，在社区领袖、医疗保健提供者和项目管理人员中进行了 20 次深入访谈 (IDIs)。实施。使用内容分析方法对 FGD 和 IDI 进行数字记录、转录、翻译和分析。
结果：卫生系统预防 JE/AES 的准备工作得到改善，包括有效的病媒管理、监测系统的实施和疫苗接种计划。JE 疫苗于 2016 年在奥里萨邦的普遍免疫计划下推出。在Gaon Kalyan Samiti (GKS) 平台下的乡村健康营养和卫生日 (VHNSD) 社区志愿者的支持下，提供了行为改变交流活动。CHW 积极参与病媒管理和提高环境卫生和个人卫生意识。
解释和结论：不同利益相关者之间的社区参与和协调对项目的成功实施具有重大影响。有人建议，为了成功实施该计划，需要采用可持续性方法对 CHW 和社区志愿者进行积极参与、定向和能力建设培训。