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Happiness in marginalized populations: a community–based study in South Central Iran
BMC Psychology ( IF 2.588 ) Pub Date : 2021-04-23 , DOI: 10.1186/s40359-021-00545-2
Maryam Kazemi , Behnam Honarvar , S. Taghi Heydari , Hassan Joulaei , Mohammad Reza Rahmanian Haghighi , Kamran Bagheri Lankarani

Happiness has multiple levels and determinants in different communities, cultures, and social groups. The current study aimed to investigate happiness and its main determinants in slums in south central Iran. This community-based, cross-sectional study was conducted with the participation of adults at least 18 years of age living in the biggest slum area in Shiraz, south central Iran. To determine levels of happiness, participants were asked to complete the Persian version of the GHQ28 questionnaire and a checklist based on the 2017 World Happiness Report. Data was analyzed using SPSS software version 19. A p-value less than 0.05 was considered significant. The mean age of the participants was 42.06 ± 16.34 years. Overall, 542 participants (45 %) were females, 257 (21.3 %) were illiterate, 678 (56.3 %) were married, and 495 (41.1 %) were unemployed and lived with their household. The happiness score, according to the Cantril ladder score, was 6.41 ± 2 (out of a total score of 10). Happiness was not correlated with gender (p = 0.37) or immigration (p = 0.06). Lower levels of happiness were seen in older adults (r=− 0.12, p < 0.001), illiterates (p = 0.03), the unemployed (p < 0.001), and people separated from their spouses (p < 0.001). Job satisfaction (p < 0.001, r = 0.47), total general health (p < 0.001, r=-0.36) and hope (p < 0.001, r = 0.41) were significantly correlated with happiness. Social support (< 0.001) and sufficient income and satisfaction (p < 0.001) were related with a higher score of happiness. Marital status, smoking, employment and job satisfaction, social support and trust, feelings of insecurity in the neighborhood, hope for the future, facing violence, and income satisfaction were the main determinants of happiness in the Sang Siah slum area.

中文翻译:

边缘化人群的幸福:伊朗中南部的一项社区研究

在不同的社区,文化和社会群体中,幸福有多个层次和决定因素。目前的研究旨在调查伊朗中南部贫民窟的幸福及其主要决定因素。这项以社区为基础的横断面研究是在居住在伊朗中南部设拉子最大贫民窟地区的至少18岁的成年人参加的。为了确定幸福水平,要求参与者填写波斯文版本的GHQ28问卷和一份基于2017年《世界幸福报告》的清单。使用SPSS 19版软件分析数据。p值小于0.05被认为是有效的。参与者的平均年龄为42.06±16.34岁。总体上,女性为542名(45%),文盲257名(21.3%),已婚678名(56.3%),以及495名(41%)。1%)失业并与家庭住在一起。根据坎特里尔阶梯评分,幸福感评分为6.41±2(满分为10)。幸福与性别(p = 0.37)或移民(p = 0.06)无关。老年人的幸福感较低(r = − 0.12,p <0.001),文盲(p = 0.03),失业的人(p <0.001)和与配偶分离的人(p <0.001)。工作满意度(p <0.001,r = 0.47),总体健康状况(p <0.001,r = -0.36)和希望(p <0.001,r = 0.41)与幸福感显着相关。社会支持(<0.001)和足够的收入和满意度(p <0.001)与较高的幸福感相关。婚姻状况,吸烟,工作和工作满意度,社会支持和信任,附近地区的不安全感,
更新日期:2021-04-23
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