The coordination of multiple coupled regulation methods in Internet data centers (IDCs) is proposed in this article to make a full use of IDCs’ spatial and temporal load regulation potentials for demand response (DR). A concise and analytical IDC load model is proposed to facilitate the DR in IDCs. First, the unified IDC load considering multiple coupled regulation methods is modeled represented by workloads and servers. The extra power consumption in IT equipment due to redundancy requirements in computing resources is separated to obtain an explicit mathematical relationship among geo-distributed IDCs. Second, the compatible IDC load model is derived based on a bottom-up approach, where electrical decision variables representing the regulation are introduced to replace non-electrical variables and demonstrate the coupling among multiple regulation methods. Last, a hierarchical control design is deduced to reveal the potentials of the compatible IDC load model in power system applications. Simulations show that the joint implementation of coupled methods can enhance IDC DR capabilities. Simulation results also verify the efficiency of compatible IDC load model in DR and reveal its advantages in load characteristic analyses, computational efficiency, and sensitive information protection of IDCs.

中文翻译：

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考虑多种调节方法耦合的互联网数据中心需求响应负载模型

本文提出了Internet数据中心（IDC）中多种耦合调节方法的协调，以充分利用IDC的需求响应（DR）的空间和时间负载调节潜力。提出了一个简洁且分析性的IDC负载模型，以促进IDC中的DR。首先，以工作负载和服务器为代表，对考虑了多种耦合调节方法的统一IDC负载进行建模。将IT设备中由于计算资源的冗余要求而导致的额外功耗分开，以在地理分布的IDC之间获得明确的数学关系。其次，基于自下而上的方法得出兼容的IDC负载模型，其中引入了代表调节的电气决策变量来代替非电气变量，并演示了多种调节方法之间的耦合。最后，推导了分层控制设计，以揭示兼容IDC负载模型在电力系统应用中的潜力。仿真表明，耦合方法的联合实现可以增强IDC DR功能。仿真结果还验证了灾难恢复中兼容IDC负载模型的效率，并揭示了其在负载特性分析，计算效率和IDC敏感信息保护方面的优势。仿真表明，耦合方法的联合实现可以增强IDC DR功能。仿真结果还验证了灾难恢复中兼容IDC负载模型的效率，并揭示了其在负载特性分析，计算效率和IDC敏感信息保护方面的优势。仿真表明，耦合方法的联合实现可以增强IDC DR功能。仿真结果还验证了灾难恢复中兼容IDC负载模型的效率，并揭示了其在负载特性分析，计算效率和IDC敏感信息保护方面的优势。