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Does the type of silvicultural practice influence spruce budworm defoliation of seedlings?
Ecosphere ( IF 2.7 ) Pub Date : 2021-04-23 , DOI: 10.1002/ecs2.3506
Janie Lavoie 1 , Miguel Montoro Girona 2, 3 , Guillaume Grosbois 2, 4 , Hubert Morin 1
Affiliation  

Spruce budworm (Choristoneura fumiferana (Clem)) is the main defoliator in the boreal forest of North America, and its outbreaks have major ecological and economic consequences and represent a challenge for forest management. Numerous studies have addressed the effects of this defoliator on mature trees, whereas the effects of spruce budworm on regeneration remain elusive. Furthermore, intensive exploitation practices during the last decades have left a large area of the Canadian boreal forest in an early development stage. In this context, it becomes vital to understand those factors affecting the severity of spruce budworm‐related defoliation on regeneration. Here, we determine the defoliation severity of black spruce and balsam fir seedlings in both mature pure black spruce and black spruce–balsam fir stands subjected to two different silvicultural treatments (clear‐cutting and partial cutting). Defoliation intensity varied between stand types, silvicultural treatments, species, and height classes. Seedlings in black spruce–balsam fir stands experienced twice the defoliation of those in pure black spruce stands (black spruce seedlings 10% vs. 23%; balsam fir seedlings 29% vs. 47%, respectively). Harvesting methods also influenced seedling defoliation. Under clear‐cutting, black spruce seedlings (24%) were three times as defoliated as black spruce seedlings in partial cutting stands (8%), whereas balsam fir seedlings in clear‐cutting plots experienced twice the defoliation (42%) of balsam fir seedlings in partial cutting plots (20%). The level of defoliation also increased with seedling height. This study will help silvicultural strategies adapt to the effects of natural disturbance regimes. As the intensity and severity of defoliator outbreaks are expected to increase under climate change, these results will help guide forest management strategies to select harvesting methods that will limit the effects of defoliation on conifer regeneration.

中文翻译:

营林措施的类型是否会影响云杉芽虫对幼苗的脱叶?

云杉芽虫(Choristoneura fumiferana(Clem))是北美北方森林的主要落叶者,其爆发对生态和经济造成重大影响,对森林管理构成了挑战。大量研究已经讨论了这种落叶剂对成熟树木的影响,而云杉芽虫对再生的影响仍然难以捉摸。此外,在过去的几十年中,密集的开发实践在早期的开发阶段就使加拿大北部的大部分森林都处于荒凉状态。在这种情况下,至关重要的是要了解那些影响云杉芽虫相关的落叶严重程度的因素。这里,我们确定了成熟的纯黑云杉和黑云杉-苦瓜冷杉林分经过两种不同的造林处理(清伐和部分伐木)后,黑云杉和苦瓜幼苗的落叶严重程度。落叶强度在林分类型,营林措施,物种和高度等级之间变化。黑云杉-苦瓜杉木苗的脱叶率是纯黑云杉的幼苗脱叶的两倍(黑云杉幼苗分别为10%和23%;苦瓜杉木分别为29%和47%)。收获方法也影响幼苗的脱叶。进行整割后,黑云杉幼苗(24%)的脱叶量是部分切割林分(8%)中黑云杉幼苗的三倍,而在明挖地带的苦瓜幼苗在部分砍伐地带(20%)的脱脂两倍(42%)。落叶水平也随着苗高的增加而增加。这项研究将有助于造林策略适应自然干扰制度的影响。由于在气候变化下落叶落叶爆发的强度和严重性预计会增加,因此这些结果将有助于指导森林管理策略选择限制落叶落叶对针叶树更新的影响的采伐方法。
更新日期:2021-04-23
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