Background: The prevalence of obesity has been increasing globally and represents the main risk factor for the development of gallstone disease (GD). Summary: Excess body weight represents the main cause for the development of GD; nevertheless, there have been described multiple risk factors for its development, among them modifiable risk factors as diet, lifestyle, physical inactivity, and non-modifiable risk factors as ethnicity, female sex, advanced age, parity, and genetic mutations. Body mass index, abdominal perimeter, and waist-hip index have been used to determine the degree of adiposity of a person. Hence, central abdominal fat has been mostly associated with insulin resistance with the consequent increase in the hepatic cholesterol secretion; contributing as one of the multiple mechanisms associated with the development of gallstones. This disease has a low mortality; however, it has been associated with multiple diseases such as cardiovascular diseases, carotid atherosclerosis, metabolic associated fatty liver disease, and gallbladder cancer, probably because they share many of the risk factors. Key Messages: GD continues to be considered a disease with a high medical burden, in which it is sought to intervene in modifiable risk factors to reduce its development.
Visc Med

中文翻译：

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肥胖和胆结石

背景：肥胖的患病率在全球范围内不断增加，是胆石病（GD）发展的主要危险因素。总结：体重超标是GD发生的主要原因；然而，已经描述了其发展的多种风险因素，其中包括饮食、生活方式、缺乏身体活动等可改变的风险因素，以及种族、女性、高龄、胎次和基因突变等不可改变的风险因素。体重指数、腹围和腰臀指数已被用来确定一个人的肥胖程度。因此，腹部中央脂肪主要与胰岛素抵抗有关，从而导致肝脏胆固醇分泌增加。作为与胆结石形成相关的多种机制之一。该病死亡率低；然而，它与多种疾病有关，如心血管疾病、颈动脉粥样硬化、代谢相关脂肪肝和胆囊癌，可能是因为它们有许多共同的危险因素。关键信息： GD 仍然被认为是一种医疗负担较高的疾病，人们寻求干预可改变的风险因素以减少其发展。
内脏医学