Here we document a 1000-year fungal record from the raised-field region of the Llanos de Moxos, a seasonally inundated forest-savanna mosaic in the Bolivian Amazon. Fungi are extremely sensitive to changes in vegetation due to their close relationship with the local environment, providing a useful proxy for past local vegetation and land-use change. Here the remains of fungal non-pollen palynomorphs (NPPs) are identified from a sediment core taken from Laguna El Cerrito. A multivariate constrained ordination is used to extract relationships between the fungal NPP types and environmental gradients, specifically, tree cover, near-shore vegetation, crop cultivation, burning and local sediment input. NPP types such as Neurospora cf. cerealis are identified as indicative of pre-European agriculture and offer the ability to expand on the temporal range of cultivation in the raised-field region. Constrained cluster analysis indicates that the most significant changes in the NPP assemblage occurs c. 1500 and c. 1700 CE, corresponding to the arrival of Europeans to the Americas and Jesuit missionaries to the Llanos de Moxos respectively. The modern savanna landscape is one shaped by changes in land-use and the introduction of cattle following the European Encounter.

在这里，我们记录了Llanos de Moxos高地地区的1000年真菌记录，该地区是玻利维亚亚马逊河中季节性淹没的森林-热带稀树草原马赛克。真菌对植被的变化极为敏感，因为它们与当地环境密切相关，可为过去的当地植被和土地利用变化提供有用的代理。在这里，从拉古纳·塞里托（Laguna El Cerrito）取下的沉积物核中鉴定出了真菌非花粉状单孢子虫（NPPs）的残留。多元约束排序用于提取真菌NPP类型与环境梯度之间的关系，特别是树木覆盖，近岸植被，农作物种植，燃烧和局部沉积物输入。NPP类型，例如Neurospora cf. 谷物被认为是前欧洲农业的象征，并提供了在田间地区扩大耕作时间范围的能力。约束聚类分析表明，在NPP组合中发生了最显着的变化c。1500和c。公元1700年，分别对应于欧洲人到达美洲和耶稣会传教士到达Llanos de Moxos。现代稀树草原景观是受到欧洲遭遇之后土地利用变化和牲畜引进的影响而形成的。