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How to restore invertebrate diversity of degraded heathlands? A case study on the reproductive performance of the field cricket Gryllus campestris (L.)
Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution ( IF 3 ) Pub Date : 2021-04-22 , DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2021.659363
Joost J. Vogels , W. C. E. P. Verberk , J. T. Kuper , M. J. Weijters , R. Bobbink , H. Siepel

Background: Nitrogen (NOx, NHy) and acidifying (NOx, NHy, SO¬x) deposition has reduced the biodiversity of European dry heathlands. Restoration efforts such as sod-cutting (removal of vegetation, litter and humus layer) often shifted these systems from N to P limitation and have had limited success in restoring the invertebrate community. Possible reasons for this include the unresolved acidification and a change in food plant stoichiometry. Here, we investigate how liming and P addition change food nutritional quality and their consequences on invertebrate performance. Methods: We performed feeding experiments with field crickets (Gryllus campestris), using plant material collected from a full factorial field experiment with liming and P addition. We related female reproduction as measure of individual fitness to elemental ratios of plants fed to the crickets. Results: P addition stimulated cricket daily reproduction and shortened their reproductive period, resulting in no difference in total reproduction. Liming greatly reduced both daily and total reproduction and resulted in more females cannibalising on their male mates. Females that did so could partly offset the liming induced reduction in reproduction, suggesting dietary deficiency. P-addition improved food quality (lower N:P ratios) while liming led to skewed Mg:Mn and Mg:Fe ratios that compare unfavourably to ratios found in terrestrial invertebrates. Conclusion: Increased plant N:P ratio following sod-cutting constrains the reproductive potential in Gryllus campestris in a non-linear way. Liming reduced nutritional quality, likely by inducing deficiencies in Fe or Mn. Management implications: High-impact restoration management practices such as sod cutting and liming cause new problems for invertebrates rooted in ecological stoichiometry. Since P-addition only partially offsets these negative effects, we instead advocate the use of less intensive N removal management and weaker buffering agents to reduce soil acidification. Furthermore, a reduction in N emission is paramount as it will remove the need for disruptive interventions.

中文翻译:

如何恢复退化的荒地的无脊椎动物多样性?田(Gryllus campestris(L.))生殖性能的个案研究

背景:氮(NOx,NHy)和酸化(NOx,NHy,SO¬x)的沉积减少了欧洲干旱荒地的生物多样性。诸如割草(去除植被,凋落物和腐殖质层)之类的恢复工作经常将这些系统从N限制转移到P限制,并且在恢复无脊椎动物群落方面取得的成功有限。可能的原因包括未解决的酸化和食用植物化学计量的变化。在这里,我们研究了石灰和磷的添加如何改变食物的营养质量以及它们对无脊椎动物性能的影响。方法:我们使用田(Gryllus campestris)进行饲喂试验,使用从全因子田间试验中采集的植物材料,添加石灰和磷。我们将雌性繁殖作为个体适应度与measure养植物元素比例的度量标准。结果:磷的添加刺激了daily的日常繁殖,并缩短了它们的繁殖期,因此总繁殖无差异。黎明极大地减少了日常繁殖和总繁殖,并导致更多的雌性蚕食其雄性同伴。这样做的雌性可以部分抵消由灰分引起的生殖能力下降,表明饮食缺乏。磷的添加改善了食物质量(降低了N:P的比例),而撒石灰导致Mg:Mn和Mg:Fe的比例偏斜,不利于陆地无脊椎动物的比例。结论:割草后增加的植物N:P比例以非线性方式限制了格陵兰的繁殖潜力。黎明降低了营养质量,可能是由于铁或锰缺乏引起的。对管理的影响:高影响力的恢复管理做法(例如草皮切割和撒石灰)给植根于生态化学计量学的无脊椎动物带来了新的问题。由于添加磷仅能部分抵消这些负面影响,因此我们主张使用强度较低的氮去除管理和较弱的缓冲剂来减少土壤酸化。此外,减少N排放至关重要,因为它将消除对破坏性干预措施的需求。相反,我们主张使用较低强度的氮去除管理和较弱的缓冲剂,以减少土壤酸化。此外,减少N排放至关重要,因为它将消除对破坏性干预措施的需求。相反,我们主张使用较低强度的氮去除管理和较弱的缓冲剂,以减少土壤酸化。此外,减少N排放至关重要,因为它将消除对破坏性干预措施的需求。
更新日期:2021-04-22
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