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Compression algorithms for high-data-volume instruments on planetary missions: a case study for the Cassini mission
Journal of Astronomical Telescopes, Instruments, and Systems ( IF 2.3 ) Pub Date : 2021-04-01 , DOI: 10.1117/1.jatis.7.2.028002
Hua Xie 1 , Robert A West 2 , Benoît Seignovert 2 , Jeffrey Jewell 3 , William Kurth 4 , Terrance Averkamp 4
Affiliation  

We investigated data compression algorithms to boost science data return from high-data-volume instruments on planetary missions, particularly outer solar system missions where every bit of data represents an engineering triumph of over severe constraints on mass (limiting antenna size) and power (limiting signal strength). We developed a methodology to (1) investigate algorithms to improve compression and (2) to work with the science teams to evaluate the effects on the science. Our algorithm for compressing the Cassini Radio Plasma Wave Science (RPWS) data achieved a factor of 5 improvement in data compression (relative to what the RPWS team was using), and our algorithm for the Cassini Ultraviolet Imaging Spectrograph (UVIS) Saturn data set achieved a much higher factor (∼70). In both cases, the investigators on the science teams who evaluated our results reported that the science goals were not compromised. Our compression algorithm for Imaging Science Subsystem images achieved on average a factor of ∼1.7 improvement in lossless compression compared to the original algorithm. We also evaluated the compression effectiveness of JPL’s Fast Lossless EXtended (FLEX) hyperspectral/multispectral image compressor on Cassini’s Visible and Infrared Mapping Spectrometer data. FLEX lossless compression provides a factor of 2 improvement over the original compression. We also explore a different range of lossy compression, which can achieve an additional factor 2 to 5 depending on the fidelity required. Our findings have implications for the design of future space missions, particularly with respect to antenna size and overall size, weight, and power budgets, by demonstrating strategies to implement better data compression. In addition to improved algorithms, we show that an iterative process involving real-time science team evaluation and feedback to update the onboard compression algorithm is both essential and feasible. We make the case that a spacecraft facility compressor hosting a toolbox of compression algorithms, available to all of the science instruments and supported by a team of compression experts, convey significant benefits. Beyond the obvious benefits of increased science return and faster playback, better data compression enables design trades between antenna size and number of science instruments on the payload.

中文翻译:

用于行星飞行任务的高数据量仪器的压缩算法:以卡西尼号飞行任务为例

我们研究了数据压缩算法,以提高行星任务,特别是外部太阳系任务的高数据量仪器的科学数据返回率,其中每一位数据代表对质量(限制天线尺寸)和功率(限制信号强度)。我们开发了一种方法来(1)研究提高压缩率的算法,以及(2)与科学团队合作评估对科学的影响。我们用于压缩Cassini放射性等离子体波科学(RPWS)数据的算法实现了5倍的数据压缩改进(相对于RPWS团队使用的数据),并且我们的Cassini紫外成像光谱仪(UVIS)土星数据集算法得以实现更高的系数(〜70)。在这两种情况下 评估我们的结果的科学团队的研究人员报告说,科学目标并未受到损害。与原始算法相比,我们用于成像科学子系统图像的压缩算法在无损压缩方面平均提高了约1.7倍。我们还根据卡西尼号的可见和红外映射光谱仪数据评估了JPL的快速无损扩展(FLEX)高光谱/多光谱图像压缩器的压缩效果。FLEX无损压缩比原始压缩提高了2倍。我们还探讨了有损压缩的不同范围,根据所需的保真度,该范围可以达到2到5的附加系数。我们的发现对未来太空任务的设计具有重要意义,尤其是在天线尺寸和总体尺寸,重量,和功率预算,通过演示实现更好的数据压缩的策略。除了改进的算法外,我们还表明,涉及实时科学团队评估和反馈以更新机载压缩算法的迭代过程既必不可少且可行。我们认为,托管压缩算法工具箱,适用于所有科学仪器并由压缩专家团队支持的航天器设施压缩机可带来巨大的收益。除了增加科学回报和更快回放的明显好处外,更好的数据压缩还可以使设计在天线尺寸和有效载荷上的科学仪器数量之间进行权衡。我们表明,涉及实时科学团队评估和反馈以更新机载压缩算法的迭代过程既必要又可行。我们认为,托管压缩算法工具箱,适用于所有科学仪器并由压缩专家团队支持的航天器设施压缩机可带来巨大的收益。除了增加科学回报和更快回放的明显好处外,更好的数据压缩还可以使设计在天线尺寸和有效载荷上的科学仪器数量之间进行权衡。我们表明,涉及实时科学团队评估和反馈以更新机载压缩算法的迭代过程既必要又可行。我们认为,托管压缩算法工具箱,适用于所有科学仪器并由压缩专家团队支持的航天器设施压缩机可带来巨大的收益。除了增加科学回报和更快回放的明显好处外,更好的数据压缩还可以使设计在天线尺寸和有效载荷上的科学仪器数量之间进行权衡。所有科学仪器都可以使用,并且在压缩专家团队的支持下,可以带来巨大的收益。除了增加科学回报和更快回放的明显好处外,更好的数据压缩还可以使设计在天线尺寸和有效载荷上的科学仪器数量之间进行权衡。所有科学仪器都可以使用,并且在压缩专家团队的支持下,可以带来巨大的收益。除了增加科学回报和更快回放的明显好处外,更好的数据压缩还可以使设计在天线尺寸和有效载荷上的科学仪器数量之间进行权衡。
更新日期:2021-04-22
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