This paper presents a summary of lessons learned from implementing the ecosystem services (ES) approach into urban planning practice in different European urban settings. We summarise a survey co-created with, and presented to, researchers and end-users in city administrations from ten European case study cities. To complement the expert analysis, 14 semi-structured interviews were conducted among stakeholders to assess the use of ES in practice in urban settings. There was strong agreement between scientists and practitioners on both the opportunities and the barriers to uptake the ES concept in urban planning practice. Key agreements were that the ES concept supports decision-making as well as spatial planning, it is most useful as a communication tool, and monetarisation and public pressure can be considered as promoting factors. Barriers are lack of evidence including case studies, standardised methods and criteria to evaluate nature and its benefits, lack of legislations/reform, limited capacity and reluctance to apply ES in planning practice, and limited public involvement. On individual aspects, such as the monetarisation of ES, views differed both among the scientists and the practitioners. Derived from our investigations we summarize in which circumstances the ES concept is most relevant and useful for urban planners and decision-makers.

本文总结了在欧洲不同城市环境中将生态系统服务（ES）方法应用于城市规划实践的经验教训。我们总结了与来自十个欧洲案例研究城市的城市行政管理人员和最终用户共同创建并向其展示的一项调查。为了补充专家分析，利益相关者之间进行了14次半结构化访谈，以评估ES在城市环境中的实际使用情况。科学家和从业者之间就在城市规划实践中采用ES概念的机会和障碍达成了强烈共识。主要协议是，ES概念支持决策以及空间规划，它最有效地用作沟通工具，货币化和公共压力可以视为推动因素。障碍是缺乏证据，包括案例研究，评估性质及其益处的标准化方法和标准，缺乏法律/改革，能力有限，不愿在计划实践中应用环境与社会管理以及公众参与有限。在个体化方面，例如ES的货币化，科学家和从业者的观点都不同。根据我们的调查，我们总结了ES概念在哪些情况下对城市规划者和决策者最相关和最有用。科学家和从业者的观点都不尽相同。根据我们的调查，我们总结了ES概念在哪些情况下对城市规划者和决策者最相关和最有用。科学家和从业者的观点都不尽相同。根据我们的调查，我们总结了ES概念在哪些情况下对城市规划者和决策者最相关和最有用。