ABSTRACT

The Cartesian cogito ergo sum is a major milestone for modern European philosophy, which shaped its mainstream for centuries. This dictum states that consciousness is the only reliable object of inquiry, with a criterion of radical doubt, the goal of which is to cut off any unreliable statement leaving only that which is trustworthy and which serves as a starting point to construct true knowledge. Cogito ergo sum is not a syllogism with a missing major premise, for such a premise would not pass this radical doubt criterion. Then, what does justify ergo? To justify it, cogito should be the same as sum, though taken differently. Only in that case ergo adds nothing to undoubted cogito, and cogito ergo sum passes the radical doubt criterion. Nothing to object so far; but why a full stop after sum? Cogito is any activity of my mind. To display activity, I have to be. This is beyond doubt; yet equally I have to be able to act. The universe of total being (total sum) of Parmenides leaves no place for cogito as activity. Therefore cogito ergo sum is possible only on condition of adding et ergo ago, otherwise it is self-contradictory. A cluster of kindred cultures share this or that reading of the cogito formula. This cluster is called ‘Big Culture.’ European culture reads it as cogito ergo sum, while Arabo-Muslim culture reads it as cogito ergo ago.

摘要

笛卡尔的“象棋工笔和”是现代欧洲哲学的一个重要里程碑，它形成了数百年来的主流。该格言指出，意识是唯一可靠的询问对象，带有一个根本怀疑的标准，其目的是切断任何不可靠的陈述，只留下那些值得信赖的陈述，并将其作为构建真实知识的起点。Cogito ergo sum不是一个缺少主要前提的三段论，因为这样的前提不会通过这种根本的怀疑标准。那么，什么证明ergo是正当的呢？为了证明其合理性，尽管cogito采取不同的方式，但应与sum相同。只有在这种情况下，ergo毫无疑问cogito和cogito ergo sum通过了基本怀疑标准。到目前为止，没有任何异议；但是为什么总和之后要停一句呢？Cogito是我头脑中的任何活动。要显示活动，我必须是。这是毫无疑问的；但同样，我必须能够采取行动。Parmenides的总存在（总和）的宇宙没有余地作为活动的Cogito。因此我思 故我 总和可能只对加入的条件等ERGO前，否则它是自相矛盾的。一堆同类的文化分享了对cogito的这种或那种读法公式。这个集群被称为“大文化”。欧洲文化将其读为“ cogito ergo sum”，而阿拉伯穆斯林文化则将其读为“ cogito ergo”。