ABSTRACT

Classical Eurasianism (yevraziystvo, 1921-late 1930s, not including Nikolai Gumilev) is a multifaceted set of teachings centered around ideas introduced by Nikolai S. Trubetskoy (1890-1938). Out of the multitudes of Russian emigrant thought, only classical Eurasianism offered a wholesome systematic answer to two basic questions: why did the revolutionary catastrophe of 1917 occur, and what path should Russia follow after it? This answer rests first and foremost on the teachings of Trubetskoy who, since his Europe and Humankind published in 1920, strongly opposed Eurocentrism providing a sophisticated theoretical argument for this conclusion, and insisted on Russia’s returning to its self, to the inherent logic of its culture and its history. Classical Eurasianism elaborated the concept vsechelovecheskoye which had been introduced by Russian thinkers in the early nineteenth century in opposition to obshechelovecheskoye. Both notions point to the universality of the human mind, human culture, and human civilization; but there is a fundamental difference in logical vehicles used to arrive at the universal. The vsechelovecheskoye presupposes “gathering” logically diverse models without imposing any general restriction on them, while the obshechelovecheskoye is an understanding of the universal as grounded in the generic or general, which is well-known to the Western reader. A set of basic philosophic notions of classical Eurasianism related to vsechelovecheskoye include: sobornost’, obshee delo (common work), demotia (direct rule of people), pravashiy otbor (ruling selection), pravda (verity), and others.

摘要

古典欧亚主义（yevraziystvo，1921年至1930年代末，不包括尼古拉·古米列夫）是一组多方面的教义，围绕尼古拉·特鲁贝茨考伊（1890-1938）提出的思想。在众多俄罗斯移民思想中，只有古典欧亚主义为两个基本问题提供了一个有益的系统答案：为什么会发生1917年的革命性灾难，俄罗斯应该走什么道路？这个答案首先取决于Trubetskoy的教s，他自从他的欧洲和人类以来在1920年出版的《欧洲中心主义》中强烈反对，为这一结论提供了复杂的理论依据，并坚持要求俄罗斯回归自身，恢复其文化和历史的内在逻辑。古典的欧亚主义阐述了vsechelovecheskoye这个概念，俄国思想家在19世纪初提出了vsechelovecheskoye，以反对obshechelovecheskoye。两种观念都指向人类思想，人类文化和人类文明的普遍性。但是用来达到普遍性的逻辑工具有根本的区别。该vsechelovecheskoye的先决条件“聚集”在逻辑款式多样而不强加在他们身上的任何一般性限制，而obshechelovecheskoye是对以通用语言或通用语言为基础的通用语言的理解，这是西方读者所熟知的。与vsechelovecheskoye有关的一组古典欧亚主义基本哲学概念包括：sobornost'，obshee delo（共同工作），demotia（人的直接统治），pravashiy otbor（统治选择），pravda（真理）等。