Most well studied as proteins that restrain the p53 tumor suppressor protein, MDM2 and MDMX have rich lives outside of their relationship to p53. There is much to learn about how these two proteins are regulated and how they can function in cells that lack p53. Regulation of MDM2 and MDMX, which takes place at the level of transcription, post-transcription, and protein modification, can be very intricate and is context-dependent. Equally complex are the myriad roles that these two proteins play in cells that lack wild-type p53; while many of these independent outcomes are consistent with oncogenic transformation, in some settings their functions could also be tumor suppressive. Since numerous small molecules that affect MDM2 and MDMX have been developed for therapeutic outcomes, most if not all designed to prevent their restraint of p53, it will be essential to understand how these diverse molecules might affect the p53-independent activities of MDM2 and MDMX.

中文翻译：

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MDM2和MDMX的作用和调控：不仅仅是p53

作为抑制 p53 肿瘤抑制蛋白的蛋白质，MDM2 和 MDMX 研究得最充分，除了与 p53 的关系之外，还有丰富的生命。关于这两种蛋白质如何被调节以及它们如何在缺乏 p53 的细胞中发挥作用，还有很多需要了解的地方。MDM2 和 MDMX 的调节发生在转录、转录后和蛋白质修饰的水平，可能非常复杂并且依赖于上下文。同样复杂的是这两种蛋白质在缺乏野生型 p53 的细胞中发挥的无数作用。虽然许多这些独立结果与致癌转化一致，但在某些情况下，它们的功能也可能是肿瘤抑制。由于许多影响 MDM2 和 MDMX 的小分子已被开发用于治疗结果，大多数（如果不是全部）旨在防止它们对 p53 的抑制，