The authors examined how children’s frontal electroencephalogram (EEG) theta/beta ratio—an index of neurocognitive control—changed from baseline to a social stressor, and whether these EEG changes moderated the relation between temperament and anxiety. Children (N = 152; M_age = 7.82 years, 52% male, 81% White) had their EEG recorded during a baseline and speech anticipation condition. Children’s frontal theta/beta ratio decreased from baseline to speech anticipation, and this baseline-to-task change moderated the relation between temperamental shyness and social anxiety. Temperamental shyness was related to higher state and trait social anxiety only among children with large baseline-to-task decreases in theta/beta ratio. Findings are consistent with theoretical models hypothesizing that temperamentally shy children with heightened neurocognitive control may be at greater risk for anxiety.

中文翻译：

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儿童的气质害羞、额叶脑电图 Theta/Beta 比率和社交焦虑

作者研究了儿童的额叶脑电图 (EEG) theta/beta 比率（一种神经认知控制的指标）如何从基线变为社交压力源，以及这些 EEG 变化是否调节了气质与焦虑之间的关系。儿童 ( N  = 152; M_年龄 = 7.82 岁，52% 男性，81% 白人）在基线和言语预期条件下记录了他们的 EEG。儿童的额叶θ/β 比率从基线到言语预期下降，这种基线到任务的变化缓和了气质害羞和社交焦虑之间的关系。气质害羞与较高的状态和特质社交焦虑有关，仅在基线到任务的 theta/beta 比值大幅下降的儿童中。研究结果与理论模型一致，假设具有高度神经认知控制的气质害羞儿童可能面临更大的焦虑风险。