Voluntary, or intentional, acute intoxication does not qualify for an insanity defense. However, in many jurisdictions, voluntary intoxication can create a diminished capacity to form a specific intent necessary for a criminal offense. This is a type of mens rea defense. Homicide provides a clear example where the absence of a required specific intent can lead to a lesser included crime that does not require that specific intent. Thereby, a mens rea defense may lessen a first-degree murder charge to a lesser degree or even manslaughter, depending on the jurisdiction. After reviewing the history of mens rea defenses and voluntary intoxication, we performed a search of LexisNexis for state statutes and case law regulating the use of voluntary intoxication in mens rea defenses, focusing on homicide-related offenses. In this article, we compare the different approaches that have developed to address this complex issue. We discuss why knowledge of these different approaches is essential to the practicing forensic examiner in relevant jurisdictions and explore developing issues in the area.

中文翻译：

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自愿中毒，杀人和男子犯罪：过去，现在和未来

自愿或故意的急性中毒不符合精神错乱防御的条件。但是，在许多辖区，自愿陶醉会降低形成刑事犯罪必要的特定意图的能力。这是一种精神防卫。凶杀案提供了一个明确的例子，其中缺乏所需的特定意图可以导致不需要该特定意图的犯罪较少。因此，视司法管辖区而定，男子反rea可能会降低一级谋杀罪的指控程度或什至是过失杀人罪。在回顾了男性抗辩和自愿中毒的历史之后，我们对LexisNexis进行了搜索，以规制规范使用自愿性中毒的州法规和判例法。男性进行辩护，重点是与杀人罪有关的罪行。在本文中，我们将比较解决此复杂问题的不同方法。我们讨论了为什么对这些不同方法的知识对于相关司法管辖区的执业法证审查员必不可少，并探讨了该地区的发展问题。