High mangrove productivity is sustained by rapid utilization, high retention efficiency and maximum storage of nutrients in leaves, roots, and soils. Rapid microbial transformations and high mineralization efficiencies in tandem with physiological mechanisms conserve scarce nutrients. Macronutrient cycling is interlinked with micronutrient cycling; all nutrient cycles are linked closely to geochemical transformation processes. Mangroves can be N-, P-, Fe-, and Cu-limited; additions of Zn and Mo stimulate early growth until levels above pristine porewater concentrations induce toxicity. Limited nutrient availability is caused by sorption and retention onto iron oxides, clays, and sulfide minerals. Little N is exported as immobilization is the largest transformation process. Mn and S affect N metabolism and photosynthesis via early diagenesis and P availability is coupled to Fe-S redox oscillations. Fe is involved in nitrification, denitrification and anammox, and Mo is involved in NO₃^- reduction and N₂-fixation. Soil Mg, K, Mn, Zn and Ni pool sizes decrease as mangrove primary productivity increases, suggesting increasing uptake and more rapid turnover than in less productive forests. Mangroves may be major contributors to oceanic Mn and Mo cycles, delivering 7.4–12.1 Gmol Mn a⁻¹ to the ocean, which is greater than global riverine input. The global Mo import rate by mangroves corresponds to 15–120% of Mo supply to the oceanic Mo budget.

中文翻译：

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红树林生态系统中的宏观和微量营养素循环以及与地球化学过程的关键联系

红树林的快速利用，高保留效率和养分在叶片，根和土壤中的最大存储量，可维持较高的红树林生产力。快速的微生物转化和高矿化效率与生理机制相结合，可以节省稀缺的养分。大量营养素循环与微量营养素循环相互联系；所有养分循环与地球化学转化过程密切相关。红树林可以限制N，P，Fe和Cu的含量。锌和钼的添加会刺激早期生长，直到超过原始孔隙水浓度的水平会引起毒性。养分有限的供应是由于吸附和保留在氧化铁，粘土和硫化物上造成的。由于固定化是最大的转化过程，几乎没有N的输出。Mn和S通过早期成岩作用影响N代谢和光合作用，P的有效性与Fe-S的氧化还原振荡有关。Fe参与硝化，反硝化和厌氧氨化反应，而Mo参与NO₃ ^-还原和N ₂ -fixation。随着红树林初级生产力的提高，土壤镁，钾，锰，锌和镍的储量减少，这表明与低产森林相比，吸收量增加且周转速度更快。红树林可能是海洋锰和钼循环的主要贡献者，向海洋输送了7.4-12.1 Gmol Mn a ^-1，这大于全球河流的输入量。红树林的全球钼进口率相当于海洋钼预算中钼供应量的15–120％。