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Mesoporous Carbon from Optimized Date Stone Hydrochar by Catalytic Hydrothermal Carbonization Using Response Surface Methodology: Application to Dyes Adsorption
International Journal of Chemical Engineering ( IF 2.7 ) Pub Date : 2021-04-22 , DOI: 10.1155/2021/5555406
Faiçal El Ouadrhiri 1 , Majda Elyemni 2 , Amal Lahkimi 1 , Abdelhadi Lhassani 3 , Mehdi Chaouch 4 , Mustapha Taleb 1
Affiliation  

Providing efficient and environmental friendly ways to recover lignocellulosic waste remains a challenge around the world. In this study, citric acid-catalyzed hydrothermal carbonization (CHTC) was coupled with pyrolysis to convert date seed (Ds) into adsorbent material. In this regard, a central composite design (CCD) using response surface methodology (RSM) was developed to examine the influence of temperature, reaction time, and catalyst dose on the mass yield (Ym(%)) and carbon retention rate (CRR(%)) in the produced hydrochars. The optimized hydrochar (OHC-Ds) was obtained under optimal conditions (200°C, 120 min, 20 mg) and characterized by a Ym(%) and CRR(%) of 59.71% and 75.84%, respectively. Chemical activation by KOH of OHC-Ds followed by pyrolysis at 600°C resulted in an active material (AOHC-Ds) rich in carbon and characterized by a high specific surface area of 1251.5 m2/g, with the dominance of mesopores, as well as an amorphous structure comparable to graphite shown by X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis. Adsorption experiments of two dyes on AOHC-Ds showed a high maximum adsorption capacity (Qm) of 657.89 mg g−1 for methylene blue (MB) and 384.61 mg g−1 for methyl orange (MO) compared to other conventional adsorbents. This result is due to the low acidity (pHpzc) of the surface of AOHC-Ds, which equals 6.75, and its surface, which is also rich in oxygenated functional groups such as (-OH), (C=O), and (C-O) shown by FTIR analysis. These results suggest that the coupling of CHTC and KOH activation followed by pyrolysis is an encouraging way to prepare an efficient and inexpensive adsorbent to remove dyes in wastewater.

中文翻译:

响应面法催化水热碳化法优化提纯石炭氢炭中孔碳:在染料吸附中的应用

提供有效和环境友好的方法来回收木质纤维素废物仍然是世界范围内的挑战。在这项研究中,柠檬酸催化的水热碳化(CHTC)与热解结合将枣籽(Ds)转化为吸附剂材料。在这方面,开发了使用响应表面方法(RSM)的中央复合设计(CCD),以检查温度,反应时间和催化剂剂量对质量产率(Y m(%))和碳保留率(C所产生的水煤油中的RR(%))。在最佳条件下(200°C,120分钟,20 mg)获得了优化的水碳(OHC-Ds),并以Y m(%)和C RR为特征(%)分别为59.71%和75.84%。通过KOH对OHC-Ds进行化学活化,然后在600°C下进行热解,得到了一种富含碳的活性材料(AOHC-Ds),其特征在于高比表面积为1251.5 m 2 / g,以中孔为主X射线衍射(XRD)分析显示出与石墨相当的无定形结构。上AOHC-DS两种染料的吸附实验显示出高的最大吸附量(Q657.89毫克克)-1亚甲基蓝(MB)和384.61毫克克-1相比于其它常规吸附剂对甲基橙(MO)。此结果归因于低酸度(pH pzc)等于6.75的AOHC-Ds的表面),其表面也富含FTIR分析显示的含氧官能团,例如(-OH),(C = O)和(CO)。这些结果表明,将CHTC和KOH活化耦合后进行热解是制备有效且廉价的吸附剂以去除废水中染料的令人鼓舞的方法。
更新日期:2021-04-22
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