Various adjuvants for prolongation of intra-operative and postoperative analgesia have been clinically studied, but the safety and efficiency of nalbuphine as an adjuvant to local anesthetics in spinal anesthesia remains unconfirmed. Therefore, we conducted a meta-analysis about the effect of nalbuphine as an adjuvant to local anesthetics in spinal anesthesia in regard to time of onset of sensory blockade and motor blockade, duration of motor blockade, 2-segment sensory regression time, the duration of analgesia, and incidence of side effects to provide a reliable basis for clinical application.

中文翻译：

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用于脊髓麻醉的纳布啡：系统评价和荟萃分析

临床研究了各种延长术中和术后镇痛的辅助剂，但纳布啡作为腰麻局麻药辅助剂的安全性和有效性仍未得到证实。因此，我们对纳布啡作为局部麻醉剂在脊髓麻醉中的作用进行了荟萃分析，涉及感觉阻滞和运动阻滞的发生时间、运动阻滞的持续时间、2 段感觉消退时间、镇痛、副作用的发生率，为临床应用提供可靠依据。