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Voltaire and the politicization of medicine and science
Journal of Medical Biography Pub Date : 2021-04-22 , DOI: 10.1177/09677720211010461
Curtis E Margo 1, 2 , Lynn E Harman 2
Affiliation  

The 17th and 18th centuries witnessed an intellectual movement known as the Enlightenment that made possible future revolutions such as the scientific. No person better characterizes the Enlightenment than Voltaire (1696–1976) who, in his book Philosophical Letters published in 1734, venerated the liberalism of English institutions while criticizing the ancien régime of France. He was convinced that the personal freedom the English enjoyed was responsible for their country's success, pointing to inoculation for smallpox and advances in science as evidence. His choice of smallpox inoculation and science as exemplars of empiricism, which maintained that knowledge is obtained through sensory experience, is revealing as it pinpoints political flashpoints that persist to this day. This paper explores how inoculation and science were employed by Voltaire to advance his political idea of liberty.



中文翻译:

伏尔泰与医学和科学的政治化

17 和 18 世纪见证了一场被称为启蒙运动的知识运动,它使未来的革命如科学革命成为可能。没有人比伏尔泰(1696-1976 年)更能描述启蒙运动,他在1734 年出版的《哲学快报》一书中崇敬英国制度的自由主义,同时批评旧制度法国。他坚信英国人享有的个人自由是他们国家成功的原因,并指出天花疫苗接种和科学进步就是证据。他选择天花接种和科学作为经验主义的典范,认为知识是通过感官经验获得的,这一点很有启发性,因为它指出了至今仍存在的政治热点。本文探讨了伏尔泰如何利用接种和科学来推进他的自由政治理念。

更新日期:2021-04-22
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