Copepods are a dominant component of mesozooplankton communities and are unambiguously important in marine food webs. Climate change and rising sea surface temperatures are likely to induce biogeographical range shifts and phenological changes for all zooplankton species, which include copepods. Consequently, consistent time-series are fundamental to monitor the status of plankton communities and predict future changes that can greatly affect the whole food-chain. Here, a recent time series (2014–2020) of image-based copepod abundance data from the Belgian Part of the North Sea has been explored and compared with previously collected (2009–2010) microscopy-based datasets for the same study area. The time series revealed distinct discrepancies in copepod phenology, abundances and total biomass between nearshore and offshore regions. The nearshore area was characterised by an altered copepod dynamics through time, with the occurrence of a single annual spring peak in both abundance and total biomass, and no autumn peak usually described and present in that area. Conversely, the autumn peak was clearly observed at the offshore stations, together with a distinct additional early spring peak in comparison to the nearshore and midshore regions which has not been documented before. Remarkable anomalies were detected within the time-serie of copepod for both abundance and biomass, notably in autumn of 2018 and in a lesser extend in 2014 and 2019, with values dropping to near-zero for the nearshore stations. The various heat waves during the summer periods of these years are considered potential causes for these copepod decreases, since they corresponded to the physiological thermal limit of many copepods species known to be present in the area. These heat waves events could have also favoured predators of copepods such as jellyfishes as well as enhancing the occurrence of d harmful algal blooms. Both anomalies in 2018 and 2019 actually coincided with important phytoplankton autumn blooms. The results from this copepod time-series analysis illustrates the changes affecting this essential marine trophic level and highlights the value and relevance of copepod long-term data series in the context of climate change and ecosystem management.

pe足类是中层浮游动物群落的主要组成部分，在海洋食物网中无疑很重要。气候变化和海面温度升高很可能引起所有浮游动物物种（包括zoo足类）的生物地理范围变化和物候变化。因此，一致的时间序列对于监控浮游生物群落的状态和预测可能极大影响整个食物链的未来变化至关重要。在这里，研究了来自北海比利时部分的基于图像的co足类动物丰度数据的最近时间序列（2014-2020年），并将其与之前为同一研究区域收集的（2009-2010年）基于显微镜的数据集进行了比较。时间序列揭示了近岸和近海地区co足类物候学，丰度和总生物量的明显差异。近岸地区的特征是co足类随时间变化的动态，在丰度和总生物量方面都出现一个单一的春季峰值，而该地区通常没有描述和出现秋季峰值。相反，与近海和中岸地区相比，在近海地区清楚地观察到了秋季高峰，此外还有一个明显的早春高峰，这是以前没有记载的。在of足类动物的时间序列内发现了丰度和生物量的明显异常，特别是在2018年秋季，在2014年和2019年出现了较小的异常，近岸站的值降至接近零。这些年夏季的各种热浪被认为是造成这些co足类动物减少的潜在原因，因为它们对应于该地区已知的许多co足类物种的生理温度极限。这些热浪事件可能还有利于co足类的掠食者，例如水母，并增加了有害藻华的发生。实际上，2018年和2019年的两个异常都与重要的浮游植物秋季绽放相吻合。co足类时间序列分析的结果说明了影响这一基本海洋营养水平的变化，并突出了of足类长期数据系列在气候变化和生态系统管理方面的价值和相关性。实际上，2018年和2019年这两个异常都与重要的浮游植物秋季绽放相吻合。co足类时间序列分析的结果说明了影响这一基本海洋营养水平的变化，并突出了of足类长期数据系列在气候变化和生态系统管理方面的价值和相关性。实际上，2018年和2019年这两个异常都与重要的浮游植物秋季绽放相吻合。co足类时间序列分析的结果说明了影响这一基本海洋营养水平的变化，并突出了of足类长期数据系列在气候变化和生态系统管理方面的价值和相关性。