ABSTRACT

Absence, and particularly the absent father, has been identified as a common feature in late eighteenth – and nineteenth-century French novels. In an era in which the patriarchal order was changing and the King — the nation’s father — was removed, it is unsurprising that so many of its novels have absent fathers. In the subsequent decades, as many children were left orphans in the wake of the Terror, the lack of a father figure has been identified as a key issue in the crisis of masculinity which arose in nineteenth-century France. The absent father figure has previously been identified as a crucial element in Mme de Staël’s Corinne (1807) and in the work of George Sand. Yet, the influence on the vulnerable young male hero of the absent biological father (and his difficult relationship with a replacement father figure) remains unexplored in the work of other women writers in which it also plays a key role: most notably in Mme Cottin’s Claire d'Albe (1799) and Mme de Krüdener’s Valérie (1803).

摘要

在十八世纪至十九世纪末的法国小说中，缺席，尤其是父亲缺席已被确定为一个共同特征。在一个父权制正在发生变化，国王（该国的父亲）被免职的时代，如此多的小说中都没有父亲是不足为奇的。在随后的几十年中，由于恐怖袭击使许多儿童成为孤儿，缺乏父亲形象被认为是19世纪法国出现的男性气概的关键问题。父亲缺席的人先前已被确定为斯塔尔夫人的科琳小说中的关键元素（1807）和乔治·桑德（George Sand）的作品。然而，在其他女作家的作品中，没有亲生父亲的父亲对脆弱的年轻男性英雄的影响（以及他与替代父亲的亲戚之间的艰难关系）仍然没有发挥作用，在其中也起着关键作用：最著名的是在科特丹夫人的克莱尔夫人中d'Albe（1799）和Mk deKrüdener的Valérie（1803）。