Background

Prolactin (Prl) is a pleiotropic hormone initially described for its regulation of lactation in mammals but later associated with metabolic and immune homeostasis, stress, inflammatory response and human behavior. Its regulation through dopamine receptors highlights its importance in psychiatry mostly because hyperprolactinemia is a common secondary side effect of dopamine antagonists. Despite its undeciphered patho-physiological mechanisms, hyperprolactinemia in naïve psychosis patients has been widely described. Its consequences might underlie the increased morbidity and early mortality found in naïve subjects as described in the general population where prolactin values have been correlated with inflammatory, immune and metabolic parameters.

Methods

We aimed to evaluate the correlation between prolactin values and other biochemical parameters (C-reactive Protein-CrP, blood cell count, lipid and hepatic profile, fasting glucose) in a cohort of first episode psychosis naïve subjects (N = 491) stratified by sex. Regression analyses with confounders were performed to evaluate the association.

Findings

Prl displayed significant correlations with C-Reactive Protein (CrP), Low-Density Lipoprotein (LDL), Aspartate Transaminase (AST) for females and High-Density Lipoprotein (HDL) and eosinophil count for males. However, and despite previous specific sex correlations, significant associations were described for CrP, HDL, LDL, AST and ALT without sex interaction and despite confounders such as age, Body Mass Index or smoking status.

Conclusions

Our results show a specific relation of Prl with immune and metabolic parameters describing a heterogeneous pattern. Our results suggest that prolactin might underlie the excess of morbidity and early mortality in naïve patients through a specific pathway.

中文翻译：

---

首发精神病患者的催乳素、代谢和免疫参数

背景

催乳素 (Prl) 是一种多效激素，最初被描述为调节哺乳动物的泌乳，但后来与代谢和免疫稳态、压力、炎症反应和人类行为有关。它通过多巴胺受体的调节突出了它在精神病学中的重要性，主要是因为高催乳素血症是多巴胺拮抗剂常见的继发性副作用。尽管其病理生理机制尚不明确，但已广泛描述了幼稚精神病患者的高催乳素血症。其后果可能是幼稚受试者发病率和早期死亡率增加的基础，如一般人群中所述，催乳素值与炎症、免疫和代谢参数相关。

方法

我们旨在评估按性别分层的首发精神病初治受试者 (N = 491) 队列中催乳素值与其他生化参数（C 反应蛋白-CrP、血细胞计数、脂质和肝脏特征、空腹血糖）之间的相关性. 使用混杂因素进行回归分析以评估关联。

发现

Prl 与女性的 C 反应蛋白 (CrP)、低密度脂蛋白 (LDL)、天冬氨酸转氨酶 (AST) 和男性的高密度脂蛋白 (HDL) 和嗜酸性粒细胞计数显着相关。然而，尽管先前存在特定的性别相关性，但在没有性别相互作用的情况下，尽管存在诸如年龄、体重指数或吸烟状况等混杂因素，但仍描述了 CrP、HDL、LDL、AST 和 ALT 的显着关联。

结论

我们的结果显示了 Prl 与描述异质模式的免疫和代谢参数的特定关系。我们的研究结果表明，催乳素可能通过特定途径导致幼稚患者发病率和早期死亡率过高。