This study evaluated the trend and spatial distribution of wild boar population harvested in the Alpine hunting district C.A. CN1 (Piedmont, Italy) from 1996 to 2018, and its relation with hunting effort. Protected areas were found to shape the distribution of the harvested wild boars, which decreased in number as the distance from those zones increased. The hunting bag data presented large yearly fluctuation, with a trend in line with the hunting effort until 2007 when the maximum capacity of the population to cope with the hunting pressure was reached. The variation of reproductive parameters (percentage of piglets in the hunted population and piglets to sexually matured female ratio) showed a decreasing trend in both time series. Conversely, hunting effort increased over the years, with significant trend changes in 2000 and 2015, probably associated with the increased preference for hunting activity on wild boars, and the parallel reduction of the extension of hunting areas. Predation, hunting activity, and environment could have modulated the wild boar population dynamics in the study area. Decrease in chestnut Castanea sativa production, due to the gall wasp Dryocosmus kuriphilus Yasumatsu, were reported during the period of study. This might be the main factor determining the downtrend of piglets in 2003. In addition, predation by wolves Canis lupus, whose population has sharply increased in the southwestern Alps in the last decades, might have contributed to the decline since 2010. This work outlines the importance of a proper management of protected areas, which influence the density and distribution of wild boars. In this context, hunting bags analysis is of pivotal importance to monitor population dynamics and develop proper wildlife policies.

这项研究评估了1996年至2018年在高山狩猎区CA CN1（意大利皮埃蒙特）收获的野猪种群的趋势和空间分布及其与狩猎活动的关系。发现保护区影响着已收获野猪的分布，随着距离这些区域的距离增加，野猪的数量减少。狩猎袋的数据呈现出每年较大的波动，这种趋势与狩猎的努力相一致，直到2007年达到人口最大承受狩猎压力的能力。在两个时间序列中，生殖参数的变化（被猎取的仔猪的百分比以及仔猪与性成熟雌性的比例）均呈下降趋势。相反，这些年来，狩猎的努力有所增加，2000年和2015年的趋势发生了重大变化，可能与野猪狩猎活动的偏好增加以及狩猎区域扩展的同时减少有关。捕食，狩猎活动和环境可能已经调节了研究区域内野猪的种群动态。栗子减少在研究期间报告了由于胆汁黄蜂Dryocosmus kuriphilus Yasumatsu引起的栗树生产。这可能是决定2003年仔猪下降趋势的主要因素。此外，狼犬天狼犬的捕食活动可能导致了2010年以来的下降。该犬的种群在过去的几十年中在西南阿尔卑斯山急剧增加。适当管理保护区的重要性，这会影响野猪的密度和分布。在这种情况下，狩猎袋分析对于监测种群动态并制定适当的野生动植物政策至关重要。