The presence of newly emerging pollutants in the aquatic environment poses great challenges for drinking water treatment plants. Due to their low concentrations and unknown characteristics, emerging pollutants cannot be efficiently removed by conventional water treatment processes, making technically, economically, and environmentally friendly water purification technologies increasingly important. This article introduces a one-step reverse osmosis (OSRO) concept consisting of riverbank filtration (RBF) and reverse osmosis (RO) for drinking water treatment. The OSRO concept combines the relatively low-cost natural pretreatment of river water with an advanced engineered purification system. RBF provides a continuous natural source of water with stable water quality and a robust barrier for contaminants. With the pre-removal of particles, organic matter, organic micro-pollutants (OMPs), and microbes, RBF becomes an ideal source for a purification system based on RO membranes, in comparison with the direct intake of surface water. OSRO treatment removes almost 99.9% of the particles, pathogens, viruses, and OMPs, as well as the vast majority of nutrients, and thus meets the requirements for the chlorine-free delivery of drinking water with high biostability. The OSRO treatment is cost effective compared with the standard conventional series of purification steps involving sprinkling filters, softening, and activated carbon. Artificial bank filtration (ABF), which functions as an artificial recharge in combination with a sand filtration system, is proposed as an alternative for RBF in the OSRO concept to supply drinking water from locally available resources. It is also suggested that the OSRO concept be implemented with wind power as an alternative energy source in order to be more sustainable and renewable. An OSRO-based decentralized water system is proposed for water reclaiming and reuse. It is suggested that future water treatment focus on the combination of natural and engineered systems to provide drinking water through technically efficient, financially feasible, resource reusable, and environmentally relevant means.

水环境中新出现的污染物对饮用水处理厂提出了巨大挑战。由于其低浓度和未知特性，新兴污染物无法通过传统的水处理工艺有效去除，这使得在技术上、经济上和环境上友好的水净化技术变得越来越重要。本文介绍了一种由河岸过滤 (RBF) 和反渗透 (RO) 组成的用于饮用水处理的一步反渗透 (OSRO) 概念。OSRO 概念将相对低成本的河水自然预处理与先进的工程净化系统相结合。RBF 提供持续的天然水源，具有稳定的水质和强大的污染物屏障。通过预先去除颗粒，与直接摄入地表水相比，RBF 成为基于 RO 膜的净化系统的理想来源。OSRO 处理去除了几乎 99.9% 的颗粒物、病原体、病毒和 OMP，以及绝大多数营养物质，从而满足了高生物稳定性饮用水无氯输送的要求。与包括喷洒过滤器、软化和活性炭的标准常规系列净化步骤相比，OSRO 处理具有成本效益。人工库过滤（ABF）作为人工补给与沙滤系统相结合，被提议作为 OSRO 概念中 RBF 的替代方案，以从当地可用资源供应饮用水。还建议以风能作为替代能源来实施 OSRO 概念，以提高可持续性和可再生性。提出了一种基于 OSRO 的分散式水系统，用于水的回收和再利用。建议未来的水处理侧重于结合自然和工程系统，通过技术上有效、经济上可行、资源可重复使用和环境相关的方式提供饮用水。