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Chelating agents for oilfield stimulation: Lessons learned and future outlook
Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering ( IF 5.168 ) Pub Date : 2021-04-21 , DOI: 10.1016/j.petrol.2021.108832
Tariq Almubarak , Jun Hong Ng , Raja Ramanathan , Hisham A. Nasr-El-Din

Chelating agents were introduced because of the several issues associated with inorganic acids during oilfield stimulation. Carbonate and sandstone rocks have been stimulated using different kinds of acid systems and there is an engaging debate on chelating agents as an effective acid system. Several shortcomings of inorganic acid systems need to be addressed by chelating agents in order to be its constructive replacement. The complex nature of these chelating agents led to accelerated research and developmental efforts in understanding its applicability at different environmental conditions. The past two decades of research in chelating agents for oilfield stimulation has resulted in researchers branching out in several directions to realize the potential of this acid system. There is a requirement to link these branches and provide a holistic view of the lessons learned during this time. Various researchers have also provided guidance for future work that is commonly disregarded. This paper provides a nexus of the research conducted in this field and could direct plans for future research.

Hydrochloric acid for carbonate acidizing and mud acid for sandstone damage removal have been found to cause issues such as face dissolution, reaction product precipitation, chemical incompatibility, high corrosion rates, toxic gas generation, emulsion issues, amongst many others. The recent interest in chelating agents led to researchers conducting tests to understand its interactions with the formation rock and other oilfield fluids. Experiments such as coreflooding, corrosion tests, compatibility, Inductively Coupled Plasma (ICP), Environmental Scanning Electron Microscope (ESEM), and X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) helped in highlighting the advantages of chelating agents. From these studies, researchers were able to find synergistic blends that could help improve traditional treatment practices. Mechanisms of chelating agent reactions with sandstone and carbonate rock were elucidated in this work.

The future outlook of chelating agents' application lies in making the treatment more cost-effective, environmentally friendly, and target focused. Chemical formulations must be designed to take advantage of high-temperature stability, low reprecipitation potential, low sludging tendency, high dissolving capacity, high iron controlling potential, and low corrosion rates offered by chelating agents. Some field experiences were noted, which could encourage operators to perform more such treatments in the future.

The reader of this review article would gain knowledge of the complex chemistry of chelating agents and describes the research done for acid stimulation and iron control. Through the process of review, the paper also connects the wealth of research in this field and provides a measured guidance for technology development to promote the use of chelating agents in the industry. It can help future researchers in academics or the industry to enhance the quality of research.



中文翻译:

用于油田增产的螯合剂:经验教训和未来展望

由于在油田增产过程中与无机酸有关的几个问题,引入了螯合剂。碳酸盐岩和砂岩岩石已使用不同种类的酸体系进行了增产,关于螯合剂作为一种有效的酸体系的争论颇为激烈。无机酸体系的一些缺点需要通过螯合剂来解决,以使其具有建设性的替代作用。这些螯合剂的复杂性质导致人们在了解其在不同环境条件下的适用性方面加快了研发力度。过去二十年来在油田增产螯合剂研究中,研究人员向多个方向发展,以认识到该酸体系的潜力。需要链接这些分支,并提供在此期间所汲取的教训的整体视图。各种研究人员还为通常被忽略的未来工作提供了指导。本文提供了在该领域进行的研究的联系,并可以指导未来研究的计划。

已发现用于碳酸化酸化的盐酸和用于去除砂岩破坏的泥酸会引起诸如表层溶解,反应产物沉淀,化学不相容性,高腐蚀速率,有毒气体产生,乳化问题等问题。最近对螯合剂的兴趣促使研究人员进行测试,以了解其与地层岩石和其他油田流体的相互作用。堆芯注水,腐蚀测试,相容性,电感耦合等离子体(ICP),环境扫描电子显微镜(ESEM)和X射线衍射(XRD)等实验有助于突出螯合剂的优势。通过这些研究,研究人员能够找到可以帮助改善传统治疗方法的协同混合物。

螯合剂应用的未来前景在于使该疗法更具成本效益,环境友好和针对性强。化学配方的设计必须充分利用高温稳定性,低再沉淀潜力,低成泥趋势,高溶解能力,高铁控制潜力和螯合剂提供的低腐蚀速率。记录了一些现场经验,这可能会鼓励操作员将来进行更多此类治疗。

这篇评论文章的读者将获得螯合剂复杂化学的知识,并描述为酸刺激和铁控制所做的研究。通过审查过程,本文还连接了该领域的大量研究成果,并为技术开发提供了可衡量的指导,以促进该行业中螯合剂的使用。它可以帮助将来在学术界或行业中的研究人员提高研究质量。

更新日期:2021-05-04
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