Abstract

Crude oil is one of the most important energy sources in the world and contains a lot of paraffin wax. At higher temperatures, paraffin wax is dissolved in crude oil in an equilibrium state. However, when the temperature is lower than the precipitation temperature of wax, paraffin wax will precipitate, crystallize, and form a three-dimensional network structure, which will have a great impact on the transportation of crude oil. In engineering, waxy crude oil is usually transported by adding pour point depressants. Pour point depressant molecules can significantly improve the crystallization behavior of wax in waxy crude oil. This article reviews the types, preparation methods, and future development prospects of new pour point depressants in recent years. The nucleation mechanism of new NPPD synthesized by different methods and wax crystals in crude oil is summarized and commented. Starting from the microscopic morphology of the wax crystal, a prospect is put forward for the preparation of a new type of high-efficiency NPPD with better performance in the future.

摘要

原油是世界上最重要的能源之一，并且包含许多石蜡。在更高的温度下，石蜡以平衡状态溶解在原油中。然而，当温度低于蜡的沉淀温度时，石蜡会沉淀，结晶并形成三维网络结构，这将对原油的运输产生重大影响。在工程中，通常通过添加降凝剂来运输蜡质原油。降凝剂分子可以显着提高蜡质蜡质原油中的结晶行为。本文综述了近年来新型降凝剂的种类，制备方法以及未来的发展前景。总结和评述了用不同方法合成的新NPPD和原油中蜡状晶体的成核机理。从蜡晶的微观形貌出发，为制备新型高性能NPPD提供了前景。