A significant fraction of new metals produced in stars enter the interstellar medium in the form of dust grains. Including dust and wind formation in stellar evolution models of late-stage low- and intermediate-mass stars provides a way to quantify their contribution to the cosmic dust component. In doing so, a correct physical description of dust formation is of course required, but also a reliable prescription for the mass-loss rate. Here, we present an improved model of dust-driven winds to be used in stellar evolution codes and insights from recent detailed numerical simulations of carbon-star winds including drift (decoupling of dust and gas). We also discuss future directions for further improvement.

中文翻译：

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恒星演化代码中的AGB绕尘飞扬

恒星中产生的大部分新金属以尘埃颗粒的形式进入星际介质。在后期低质量和中等质量恒星的恒星演化模型中包括尘埃和风的形成，提供了一种量化其对宇宙尘埃成分贡献的方法。这样做当然需要对粉尘形成进行正确的物理描述，但对于质量损失率也需要一个可靠的规定。在这里，我们介绍了一种用于尘埃驱动风的改进模型，该模型将用于恒星演化代码，并从最近对碳星风的详细数字模拟（包括漂移（粉尘和气体的去耦））中得出的见解。我们还将讨论进一步改进的未来方向。