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Top-down control of attention under varying task loads
Acta Psychologica ( IF 1.984 ) Pub Date : 2021-04-20 , DOI: 10.1016/j.actpsy.2021.103310
Suhyeon Jo , Joo Yeon Kim , Suk Won Han

The performance of a goal-directed task is often interrupted by task-irrelevant distractors. This distractor interference has well been demonstrated in a large body of studies employing the Eriksen flanker paradigm. A notable finding regarding this issue is that distractor interference is attenuated by increased perceptual load or the presence of non-target stimuli diluting distractors. Besides increased perceptual load or the presence of diluters, we hypothesized that either suppression of distractor or enhancement of target via top-down attentional control would also contribute to modulating distractor interference. To test this, we had participants identify a target stimulus while ignoring a distractor under three different conditions; under low load, only the target and distractor was presented, while under high load, the target was surrounded by non-target letters. In the dilution condition, the target was accompanied by non-targets, whose colors were distinct from the target. Importantly, following the task stimuli, a probe stimulus was presented either in the target location, non-target location, or distractor location. As results, under low load, attention was captured by the target stimulus in a bottom-up manner at the early stage of processing. By contrast, in the high load and dilution conditions, attention was focused on the target in a top-down manner. Taken together, we suggest that increasing perceptual load or presenting diluters incentivizes the establishment of top-down bias toward the target stimulus, which plays a role in attenuating distractor interference.



中文翻译:

自上而下控制在不同任务负荷下的注意力

与目标无关的干扰因素常常会打断目标任务的执行。在使用Eriksen侧翼范式的大量研究中已经很好地证明了这种干扰因素的干扰。关于此问题的一个显着发现是,分心器的干扰会因增加的感知负荷或存在非目标刺激的分心器而减弱。除了增加知觉负荷或存在稀释剂外,我们假设通过自上而下的注意力控制抑制干扰物或增强目标也将有助于调节干扰物干扰。为了测试这一点,我们让参与者识别目标刺激,而在三种不同条件下忽略干扰因素。在低负载下,仅显示目标和牵开器,而在高负载下,目标被非目标字母包围。在稀释条件下,靶标伴随着颜色与靶标不同的非靶标。重要的是,在任务刺激之后,在目标位置,非目标位置或干扰物位置都出现了探查刺激。结果,在低负荷下,在处理的早期阶段,目标刺激就以自下而上的方式引起了人们的注意。相反,在高负荷和稀释条件下,注意力以自上而下的方式集中在目标上。两者合计,我们建议增加知觉负荷或提出稀释剂会刺激建立对目标刺激的自上而下的偏见,这在减弱干扰物干扰中发挥作用。目标与非目标相伴,其颜色与目标不同。重要的是,在任务刺激之后,在目标位置,非目标位置或干扰物位置都出现了探查刺激。结果,在低负荷下,在处理的早期阶段,目标刺激就以自下而上的方式引起了人们的注意。相反,在高负荷和稀释条件下,注意力以自上而下的方式集中在目标上。两者合计,我们建议增加知觉负荷或提出稀释剂会刺激建立对目标刺激的自上而下的偏见,这在减弱干扰物干扰中发挥作用。目标与非目标相伴,其颜色与目标不同。重要的是,在任务刺激之后,在目标位置,非目标位置或干扰物位置都出现了探查刺激。结果,在低负荷下,在处理的早期阶段,目标刺激就以自下而上的方式引起了人们的注意。相反,在高负荷和稀释条件下,注意力以自上而下的方式集中在目标上。两者合计,我们建议增加知觉负荷或提出稀释剂会刺激建立对目标刺激的自上而下的偏见,这在减弱干扰物干扰中发挥作用。非目标位置或干扰物位置。结果,在低负荷下,在处理的早期阶段,目标刺激就以自下而上的方式引起了人们的注意。相反,在高负荷和稀释条件下,注意力以自上而下的方式集中在目标上。两者合计,我们建议增加知觉负荷或提出稀释剂会刺激建立对目标刺激的自上而下的偏见,这在减弱干扰物干扰中发挥作用。非目标位置或干扰物位置。结果,在低负荷下,在处理的早期阶段,目标刺激就以自下而上的方式引起了人们的注意。相反,在高负荷和稀释条件下,注意力以自上而下的方式集中在目标上。两者合计,我们建议增加知觉负荷或提出稀释剂会刺激建立对目标刺激的自上而下的偏见,这在减弱干扰物干扰中发挥作用。

更新日期:2021-04-21
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