The protagonist of Lefebvre’s “Right to the City” is the citaden, a citizen-denizen whose rights are produced through residency and incumbent contributions to everyday urban life. Yet, in the shantytowns of Lima where people have long believed that residency generates rights, what it means to “do residency” (hacer vivencia) is itself contested. Drawing on twenty-one months of fieldwork in the Limeño shantytown of Pachacútec, Peru, I show that “inhabitance” is a multidimensional construct and that the relationship between inhabitance and rights to spatial appropriation and political participation is a primary source of conflict, generating questions about community belonging, democratic representation, and the moral status of property transfers. Far from neatly resolving the inequalities generated by capitalist property relations, this case demonstrates that Lefebvre’s “right to the city” entails many of its own questions: What actions constitute residency? Do people have differential rights based on differential contributions to community life? And can rights to space be earned, leading to tenure security, or must they always be actively performed? As Peruvians answer these questions in the course of building their cities and their lives, they illuminate the ambiguities and challenges inherent in realizing the “right to the city” in Latin America's urban peripheries.

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使用、交换和投机：秘鲁城市的居住政治和城市权

列斐伏尔的《城市权》的主角是城墙，一个公民居民，其权利是通过居住和对日常城市生活的现有贡献而产生的。然而，在人们长期以来认为居住产生权利的利马棚户区，“居住”（hacer vivencia）意味着什么本身就存在争议。在秘鲁 Pachacútec 的 Limeño 棚户区进行了 21 个月的实地考察，我表明“居住”是一个多维结构，居住与空间占用权和政治参与权之间的关系是冲突的主要来源，产生了问题关于社区归属感、民主代表和财产转移的道德地位。远没有巧妙地解决资本主义财产关系产生的不平等，这个案例表明，列斐伏尔的“城市权”包含了许多它自己的问题：什么行为构成了居住权？人们是否因对社区生活的不同贡献而享有不同的权利？是否可以赢得空间权，从而获得使用权保障，还是必须始终积极执行？当秘鲁人在建设城市和生活的过程中回答这些问题时，他们阐明了在拉丁美洲城市边缘实现“城市权”所固有的模糊性和挑战。还是必须始终积极执行？当秘鲁人在建设城市和生活的过程中回答这些问题时，他们阐明了在拉丁美洲城市边缘实现“城市权”所固有的模糊性和挑战。还是必须始终积极执行？当秘鲁人在建设城市和生活的过程中回答这些问题时，他们阐明了在拉丁美洲城市边缘实现“城市权”所固有的模糊性和挑战。