This paper proposes a new scheme for bulk system restoration considering the available black-start resources (BSRs) in the distribution system (DS). The DS assisted generator start-up sequence (D-GSS) scheme is realized in a decentralized way, so that it does not only benefit the bulk system GSS by utilizing available BSRs in the DS, but also respects the independent operation of the transmission system operator (TSO) and distribution system operators (DSOs). First, the decentralized D-GSS scheme is presented including the interaction of the TSO and DSOs and the corresponding compact models. The models of the decentralized D-GSS scheme are built with the bulk system GSS modeled as a mixed-integer quadratic program (MIQP), the DS multi-step operation modeled as mixed-integer second-order conic programs (MISOCPs) and reliable power supply assessments of renewable energy sources as linear programs (LPs). Finally, a projection function based analytical target cascading (P-ATC) method is developed to iteratively solve the decentralized models with model complexity reduction. The P-ATC algorithm can handle integer variables and improve the computational efficiency of the iterative calculation process. The effectiveness of the proposed method is validated using the small-scale T6D2 system and large-scale T118D5 system, showing good GSS performance and computation efficiency.

中文翻译：

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带有有源配电网的大容量系统恢复的最佳发电机启动顺序

本文提出了一种新的大容量系统还原方案，该方案考虑了配电系统（DS）中可用的黑启动资源（BSR）。DS辅助发电机启动序列（D-GSS）方案以分散的方式实现，因此，它不仅可以通过利用DS中可用的BSR来使大容量系统GSS受益，而且可以尊重传输系统的独立运行运营商（TSO）和分配系统运营商（DSO）。首先，提出了分散的D-GSS方案，包括TSO和DSO的相互作用以及相应的紧凑模型。分散D-GSS方案的模型是通过将批量系统GSS建模为混合整数二次程序（MIQP）来构建的，DS多步操作建模为混合整数二阶圆锥程序（MISOCP），可再生能源的可靠电源评估为线性程序（LP）。最后，开发了一种基于投影函数的分析目标级联（P-ATC）方法，以迭代地求解模型复杂度降低的分散模型。P-ATC算法可以处理整数变量并提高迭代计算过程的计算效率。小型T6D2系统和大型T118D5系统验证了该方法的有效性，显示了良好的GSS性能和计算效率。提出了一种基于投影函数的分析目标级联（P-ATC）方法，以迭代方式解决分散模型，降低了模型复杂度。P-ATC算法可以处理整数变量并提高迭代计算过程的计算效率。小型T6D2系统和大型T118D5系统验证了该方法的有效性，显示了良好的GSS性能和计算效率。提出了一种基于投影函数的分析目标级联（P-ATC）方法，以迭代方式解决分散模型，降低了模型复杂度。P-ATC算法可以处理整数变量并提高迭代计算过程的计算效率。小型T6D2系统和大型T118D5系统验证了该方法的有效性，显示了良好的GSS性能和计算效率。