Durum wheat (Triticum durum Desf.) is one of the most important cereals in the world. Unfortunately, the wheat plant is a target of several species of the genus Fusarium. This genus causes two serious diseases: fusarium crown rot (FCR) and fusarium head blight (FHB). The search for new indigenous strains of Trichoderma with a high potential for biocontrol against these two diseases was the purpose of this study. Biocontrol potential of 15 isolates of Trichoderma (T1 to T15), isolated from different rhizosphere soils and Algerian ecosystems, was evaluated against 4 strains of Fusarium culmorum (FC11, FC2, FC4, and FC20); the main causative agent of FCR and FHB. The efficacy of biological control by Trichoderma spp., evaluated by in vitro tests (direct and indirect confrontation), was confirmed by in vivo bioassays. The in vitro results showed a significant inhibition of mycelial growth of F. culmorum species than the control. The highest percentages of inhibition were obtained by T9, T12, and T14 isolates causing a maximum inhibition percentage of 81.81, 77.27, and 80.68%, respectively. T14 was selected for biocontrol in in vivo testing. A tube and pot experiments for FCR against F. culmorum showed that T14 decreased the disease severity with 50 and 63.63% reduction, respectively. FHB infection was significantly reduced by T14 in all durum wheat cultivars tested, where %AUDPC (area under the disease progress curve) reduction was 49.77, 43.43, 48.25, and 74.60% for Simeto, Waha, Bousselem, and Setifis genotypes, respectively. Yields also increased significantly for almost all cultivars. The antagonistic T14 was characterized based on molecular tools, using translation elongation factor1-alpha (TEF1-α) and internal transcribed spacers rDNA (ITS1). The results identified T14 as T. afroharzianum with accession numbers attributed by NCBI GenBank as MW171248 and MW159753. Trichoderma afroharzianum, evaluated for the first time in Algeria as biocontrol agent, is a promising biocontrol approach against FCR and FHB.

中文翻译：

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论生物防治木霉afroharzianum对镰刀菌负责在阿尔及利亚小麦赤霉病和冠腐病的

硬粒小麦（Triticum durum Desf。）是世界上最重要的谷物之一。不幸的是，小麦植物是镰刀菌属几个种的靶标。该属引起两种严重的疾病：镰刀菌枯萎病（FCR）和镰刀菌病（FHB）。本研究的目的是寻找对这两种疾病具有高生物防治潜力的木霉新菌株。评估了从根际土壤和阿尔及利亚生态系统中分离的15种木霉菌（T1至T15）的生防潜力，该菌株针对4种枯萎镰孢菌（FC11，FC2，FC4和FC20）进行了生物防治。FCR和FHB的主要病原体。通过体外测试（直接和间接对抗）评估的木霉属物种的生物防治功效已通过体内生物测定法得到了证实。体外结果显示，与对照相比，F。culmorum菌丝体的菌丝生长具有明显的抑制作用。通过T9，T12和T14分离株可获得最高的抑制百分比，分别导致最大抑制百分比分别为81.81、77.27和80.68％。选择T14进行体内测试的生物控制。一项针对小菜蛾的FCR的试管和盆栽实验表明，T14降低了疾病严重程度，分别降低了50％和63.63％。在所有测试的硬粒小麦品种中，T14均显着降低了FHB感染，其中Simeto，Waha，Bousselem和Setifis基因型的％AUDPC（病情曲线下面积）降低分别为49.77％，43.43％，48.25％和74.60％。几乎所有品种的产量也显着提高。拮抗性T14通过分子工具进行了表征，使用翻译延伸因子1-alpha（TEF1-α）和内部转录间隔子rDNA（ITS1）。结果鉴定出T14为非洲假单胞菌（T. afroharzianum），NCBI GenBank将其登录号定为MW171248和MW159753。在阿尔及利亚首次作为生物防治剂评估的非洲木霉菌是一种有前途的针对FCR和FHB的生物防治方法。