The discharge of ammonia–nitrogen (NH₃–N), total nitrogen (TN), chemical oxygen demand (COD), and total phosphorus (TP) in rural sewage usually exceeds the Pollutant Discharge Standard for Urban Sewage Treatment Plants (GB18918-2002). Efficient and cost-effective removal of these pollutants cannot be simultaneously realized using conventional rural sewage treatment methods. Thus, an assembled biological filter (D50 × W50 × H113 cm), including a phosphorus removal layer filled with solid polymeric ferric sulfate and alternating aerobic-anaerobic layers, is proposed herein. The aerobic (anerobic) layers were filled with zeolite (zeolite and composite soil) at different intervals. This system was used for the treatment of synthetic sewage having COD: 122.0–227.0 mg/L; NH₃–N: 29.1–47.0 mg/L; TN: 28.0–58.0 mg/L; and TP: 2.0–3.8 mg/L. Based on optimal operation conditions (40 L/h reflow rate, without artificial aeration, and 12-h operation cycle), the system showed NH₃–N, TN, COD, and TP removal efficiencies of 87.1 ± 8.1, 83.4 ± 7.9, 91.0 ± 9.4, and 80.0 ± 6.4%, respectively. Further, in the pilot-scale test, under the same optimal parameters, the removal efficiencies of NH₃–N, TN, COD, and TP were 78.9 ± 8.1, 75.4 ± 7.9, 82 ± 9.4, and 76 ± 6.4%, respectively. Furthermore, in the different functional units of the system, a large number of functional bacteria capable of efficiently facilitating the simultaneous removal of the different pollutants from sewage were identified. Therefore, this proposed system, which complies with current environmental discharge regulations, can be a more sustainable approach for the treatment of unattended rural sewage.

Graphic abstract

中文翻译：

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先进的堆叠式生物滤池对农村生活污水处理中氨，硝酸盐和磷的同时去除效果

农村污水中氨氮（NH ₃ - N），总氮（TN），化学需氧量（COD）和总磷（TP）的排放量通常超过城市污水处理厂的污染物排放标准（GB18918-2002） ）。使用传统的农村污水处理方法无法同时实现高效，经济地去除这些污染物。因此，本文提出了一种组装的生物过滤器（D50×W50×H113cm），其包括填充有固体聚合硫酸铁的除磷层和交替的需氧厌氧层。好氧（厌氧）层以不同的间隔充满沸石（沸石和复合土壤）。该系统用于处理化学需氧量为122.0–227.0 mg / L的合成污水。NH ₃–N：29.1–47.0 mg / L；TN：28.0–58.0 mg / L；TP：2.0-3.8 mg / L。根据最佳运行条件（40 L / h回流速度，无人工曝气和12小时运行周期），系统显示的NH ₃ -N，TN，COD和TP去除效率分别为87.1±8.1、83.4±7.9，分别为91.0±9.4和80.0±6.4％。此外，在中试测试中，在相同的最佳参数下，NH ₃的去除效率–N，TN，COD和TP分别为78.9±8.1、75.4±7.9、82±9.4和76±6.4％。此外，在系统的不同功能单元中，发现了能够有效促进从污水中同时去除不同污染物的大量功能细菌。因此，该提议的系统符合当前的环境排放法规，可以成为处理无人看管的农村污水的更可持续的方法。

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