This study aimed to fabricate a hierarchical tantalum scaffold mimicking natural bone structure to enhance osseointegration. Porous tantalum scaffolds (p-Ta) with microgradients were fabricated by selective laser melting according to a computer-aided design model. Electrochemical anodization produced nanotubes on the p-Ta surface (p-Ta-nt). SEM verified the construction of a unique nanostructure on p-Ta-nt. Contact angle and protein adsorption measurements demonstrated that p-Ta-nt have enhanced hydrophilicity and protein absorption. MC3T3-E1 preosteoblasts showed increased filamentous pseudopods and comparable cell proliferation when cultured on p-Ta-nt. Osteogenic marker gene (Osterix, Runx2, COL-I) transcription was significantly upregulated in MC3T3-E1 cells cultured on p-Ta-nt after 7 days. After implantation into the femurs of New Zealand white rabbits for 2 weeks, histological examination found improved early osseointegration in the p-Ta-nt group. This study showed that a hierarchical tantalum structure could enhance early osteogenic effects in vitro and in vivo.

本研究旨在制造一种模仿天然骨结构的分层钽支架，以增强骨整合。根据计算机辅助设计模型，通过选择性激光熔化制造具有微梯度的多孔钽支架 (p-Ta)。电化学阳极氧化在 p-Ta 表面 (p-Ta-nt) 上产生纳米管。SEM 验证了在 p-Ta-nt 上构建了独特的纳米结构。接触角和蛋白质吸附测量表明 p-Ta-nt 具有增强的亲水性和蛋白质吸收。当在 p-Ta-nt 上培养时，MC3T3-E1 前成骨细胞显示出增加的丝状伪足和相当的细胞增殖。7 天后，在 p-Ta-nt 上培养的 MC3T3-E1 细胞中，成骨标记基因 (Osterix、Runx2、COL-I) 转录显着上调。植入新西兰大白兔股骨 2 周后，组织学检查发现 p-Ta-nt 组早期骨整合有所改善。该研究表明，分层的钽结构可以增强体外和体内的早期成骨作用。