The redox field generated by electrically conductive minerals is one of the main constituents of self-potentials. It can be explained by electrochemical reactions in which conductors participate. The location and outline of seafloor hydrothermal ore deposits can be detected using marine self-potential anomalies that can be approximated through a marine geobattery model. The numerical modeling of marine self-potentials could be the foundation of corresponding data inversion and interpretation and improving the application effect of the self-potential method in detecting seafloor hydrothermal ore deposits. In this study, the inert electrode model and the on-land geobattery model are introduced to build the marine geobattery model, and the finite-infinite element coupling method is derived to deal with the truncated boundary problem effectively. Also, two tests are conducted to study the effect of model parameters on ground self-potential anomalies. A seafloor sulfide deposit model is built to study the self-potential characteristics. The numerical modeling results suggest that the precision and efficiency of the coupled method are superior to that of the traditional finite element method. Self-potential anomalies are greatly affected by medium resistivity, complex terrain, and amplitudes of embedded redox fields. Gradient changes in embedded redox fields do not cause significant self-potential anomalies but lead to mutations of current sources. The self-potential anomaly from the sulfide deposit model shows that the self-potential method can be effectively used to explore seafloor hydrothermal deposits that accompany negative self-potential anomalies above the ore bodies. The coupled method is quite suitable for multi-source models such as self-potential models.

导电矿物产生的氧化还原场是自电位的主要成分之一。可以通过导体参与的电化学反应来解释。可以使用海洋自电势异常来检测海底热液矿床的位置和轮廓，而海洋自电势异常可以通过海洋地质电池模型来近似。海洋自电势的数值模拟可以为相应的数据反演和解释奠定基础，并提高自电势方法在检测海底热液矿床中的应用效果。本文通过引入惰性电极模型和陆上地质电池模型来建立海洋地质电池模型，并推导了有限-无限元耦合方法，以有效地处理截断边界问题。还，进行了两项测试，以研究模型参数对地面自势异常的影响。建立了一个海底硫化物沉积模型来研究自电位特征。数值模拟结果表明，该耦合方法的精度和效率均优于传统的有限元方法。自势异常受到中等电阻率，复杂地形和嵌入式氧化还原场幅度的极大影响。嵌入式氧化还原场中的梯度变化不会引起明显的自电位异常，但会导致电流源发生突变。硫化物矿床模型的自电势异常表明，自电势方法可以有效地用于勘探伴随矿体上方的负自电势异常的海底热液矿床。