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Essentialist Biases Toward Psychiatric Disorders: Brain Disorders Are Presumed Innate
Cognitive Science ( IF 2.617 ) Pub Date : 2021-04-19 , DOI: 10.1111/cogs.12970
Iris Berent 1 , Melanie Platt 1
Affiliation  

A large campaign has sought to destigmatize psychiatric disorders by disseminating the view that they are in fact brain disorders. But when psychiatric disorders are associated with neurobiological correlates, laypeople's attitudes toward patients are harsher, and the prognoses seem poorer. Here, we ask whether these misconceptions could result from the essentialist presumption that brain disorders are innate. To this end, we invited laypeople to reason about psychiatric disorders that are diagnosed by either a brain or a behavioral test that were strictly matched for their informative value. Participants viewed disorders as more likely to be innate and immutable when the diagnosis was supported by a brain test as compared to a behavioral test. These results show for the first time that people spontaneously essentialize psychiatric conditions that are linked to the brain, even when the brain probe offers no additional diagnostic or genetic information. This bias suggests that people consider the biological essence of living things as materially embodied.

中文翻译:

对精神疾病的本质主义偏见:大脑疾病被假定为先天性

一场大型运动试图通过传播精神疾病实际上是脑部疾病的观点来消除精神疾病的污名。但是当精神疾病与神经生物学相关性相关时,外行对患者的态度更加严厉,预后似乎更差。在这里,我们询问这些误解是否可能源于大脑疾病是先天性的本质主义假设。为此,我们邀请外行对通过大脑或行为测试诊断出的精神疾病进行推理,这些测试与其信息价值严格匹配。与行为测试相比,当大脑测试支持诊断时,参与者认为疾病更有可能是先天的和不可改变的。这些结果首次表明,即使大脑探针没有提供额外的诊断或遗传信息,人们也会自发地将与大脑相关的精神疾病本质化。这种偏见表明,人们认为生物的生物学本质是物质体现的。
更新日期:2021-04-21
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