Due to the increased expansion of wind turbines (WTs) in the last two decades, seismologists have recently observed an impact of disturbing signals at seismic stations. Ground vibrations generated by WTs perturb the seismic background noise level at seismological monitoring sites causing the performance and functional capability of a seismological network to be limited which leads a conflict between operators of WTs and seismological institutions. With regard to a conflict settlement, the research project MISS (Minderung der Störwirkung von Windenergieanlagen auf seismologische Stationen) was initiated to investigate in detail the seismic signals emitted by a WT in order to identify and discuss methods to reduce the disturbance impact on seismic stations. A part of this research project is presented in this study and deals with movement patterns of a WT tower, foundation and the immediate subsurface as well as the amplitude decay behavior of the seismic noise with increasing distances to the WT. For this purpose, short- and long-term measurements were conducted at a single WT of the “Bürgerwindpark A31 Hohe Mark” located in Heiden (NRW, Germany). First, the first four eigenfrequencies of the WT tower are identified at 0.3 Hz, 1.1 Hz, 3.25 Hz and 6.0 Hz using 1.5-h recordings of sensors that were installed in different heights on the inner wall of the tower. From the measurements, linear, elliptical and circular motion patterns could be observed at the tower. The results of the long-term measurements using 15 mobile seismic stations installed over 1 month in two circular arrays with distances of 100 and 200 m around the WT and two additional stations, one deployed on the foundation and one directly besides in the field, also show linear, elliptical and circular particle movements of the foundation and shallow underground. By correlating power spectral density (PSD) spectra and vertical displacements with the prevailing wind direction, it can be shown that at the eigenfrequencies 0.3, 3.25 and 6.0 Hz Rayleigh waves are radiated in crosswind direction from the WT. In downwind direction, the wave field is dominated by the Love wave type. In contrast, at 1.1 Hz, the dominating wave type emitted by the WT in crosswind direction is Love wave and in downwind direction mainly of the Rayleigh wave type. In order to estimate an amplitude decay relationship of the WT-induced seismic waves, a 1.5-h line-array measurement with 36 sensors installed 100–1000 m from the WT and a sensor spacing of 25 m was used to determine attenuation curves of ground motion velocities proportional to r^−b, with r as the distance between sensor and WT and b as the decay parameter, for the four eigenfrequencies of the tower. The calculated b-values are increasing with frequency from 0.30 to 0.86.

由于过去二十年来风力涡轮机（WT）的增加，地震学家最近观察到了地震台站干扰信号的影响。WT产生的地面振动会扰动地震监测现场的地震背景噪声水平，从而导致地震网络的性能和功能能力受到限制，从而导致WT运营商与地震机构之间发生冲突。关于冲突解决，发起了一项研究项目MISS（Minderung derStörwirkungvon Windergyeanlagen auf seismologische Stationen），以详细研究WT发出的地震信号，以便确定和讨论减少干扰对地震台站的影响的方法。该研究项目的一部分在本研究中介绍，涉及WT塔，地基和直接地下的运动模式，以及随着距WT距离的增加，地震噪声的振幅衰减行为。为此，在位于德国海登（Heiden）（德国NRW）的“BürgerwindparkA31 Hohe Mark”的单个WT上进行了短期和长期测量。首先，使用安装在塔内壁不同高度的传感器的1.5小时记录，确定WT塔的前四个本征频率为0.3 Hz，1.1 Hz，3.25 Hz和6.0 Hz。通过测量，可以在塔上观察到线性，椭圆形和圆形的运动模式。使用15个移动地震台站进行了长期测量的结果，这些台站在1个月内安装在两个圆形阵列中，围绕WT距离分别为100和200 m，另外还有两个台站，一个部署在地基上，另一个直接部署在野外，显示了基础和浅层地下的线性，椭圆形和圆形粒子运动。通过将功率谱密度（PSD）谱和垂直位移与盛行风向相关联，可以证明在本征频率下，0.3、3.25和6.0 Hz的瑞利波辐射到WT的侧风方向。在顺风方向，波场主要由Love波类型决定。相反，在1.1 Hz处，WT在侧风方向发射的主导波类型是Love波，而在顺风方向发射的主要波类型主要是瑞利波类型。为了估计WT引起的地震波的振幅衰减关系，使用1.5小时线阵测量，其中36个传感器安装在WT的100–1000 m处，传感器间距为25 m，用于确定地面的衰减曲线运动速度与r ^{- b}成比例，其中r为传感器与WT和b之间的距离作为衰减参数，用于塔的四个本征频率。计算出的b值随着频率从0.30增加到0.86。