All over the world, the nuclear reactor technology has been in the critical stage of transformation and upgrading. Also, there have been the higher requirements for the key technical indicators, such as the power level, the miniaturization and the security. According to analyzing the engineering requirements of typical nuclear reactor devices, the authors demonstrated the scientific problems and the physical mechanisms behind the limitation of thermal-hydraulic parameters, such as the fuel assembly, the steam generator, and the special safe system. Thus, the technical route of heat transfer enhancement was put forward in this paper. The technology of heat transfer enhancement referred to the application of various engineering means to improve the heat transfer performance of component and reduce the power consumption of coolant, the component temperature, as well as the device size. In this paper, the heat transfer enhancement technology was divided into the passive technology and the active technology. Meanwhile, the passive technology could be subdivided into the structure innovation technology and the surface modification technology. The active technology could be subdivided into the magnetic field technology and the electric filed technology. Based on the analyses of this paper, it was considered that the effects of different heat transfer enhancement technologies on the single-phase and two-phase conditions were quite different. Moreover, the corresponding technical development maturity and the manufacturing process were also much different. First of all, the structure innovation technology mainly included two categories: the micro-channel technology and the longitudinal vortex technology. By increasing the specific surface area of thermal component, enhancing the turbulent mixing degree of flow field, and disturbing the near-wall thermal boundary layer, the heat transfer performance of single-phase and two-phase conditions could be significantly improved. The above technology had been widely applied to many heat transfer fields, and the manufacturing technology was mature as well as diversified, which had the strong application prospect in the field of reactor core and heat exchanger without nuclear conditions. It should be noted that the technical difficulty of structure innovation technology lied in the optimization of structure design to obtain the best enhanced heat transfer performance. As for the surface modification technology, it mainly included the surface micro-nano structure technology and the surface coating technology. Moreover, it was suggested that the structural dimensions of above two technologies were far smaller than that of the near-wall thermal boundary layer, and the corresponding effects on the sing-phase heat transfer condition was not obvious. However, the above two technologies could significantly affect the bubble dynamics and the two-phase interface evolution under boiling condition, which could obviously improve the heat transfer performance under two-phase condition. In addition, the magnetic field technology and the electric field technology belonged to the active heat transfer enhancement technology, which relied on the coolant physical properties and the intervention technology of flow field. It should be noted that the above two technologies could effectively improve the heat transfer performance under the single-phase and two-phase conditions. However, this kind of technology was still in the stage of scientific research, and there was no practical engineering application. Based on the current technology development, the application of these two technologies was weak in the reactor core, and the application in non-nuclear environment was also limited.

在世界范围内，核反应堆技术一直处于转型和升级的关键阶段。此外，对关键技术指标（例如功率水平，小型化和安全性）也有更高的要求。通过分析典型核反应堆设备的工程要求，作者论证了热液参数（如燃料组件，蒸汽发生器和特殊安全系统）的局限性背后的科学问题和物理机制。因此，本文提出了强化传热的技术路线。传热强化技术指的是各种工程手段的应用，以提高组件的传热性能并降低冷却液的功耗，组件温度以及设备尺寸。本文将传热强化技术分为被动技术和主动技术。同时，被动技术可以分为结构创新技术和表面改性技术。主动技术可以细分为磁场技术和电场技术。根据本文的分析，认为不同的传热增强技术对单相和两相条件的影响是完全不同的。而且，相应的技术发展成熟度和制造工艺也有很大的不同。首先，结构创新技术主要包括两类：微通道技术和纵向涡旋技术。通过增加热成分的比表面积，增强流场的紊流混合程度，并扰动近壁热边界层，可以显着提高单相和两相条件下的传热性能。以上技术已广泛应用于许多传热领域，制造技术成熟且多样化，在无核条件下的反应堆堆芯和换热器领域具有广阔的应用前景。应该注意的是，结构创新技术的技术难点在于结构设计的优化，以获得最佳的增强的传热性能。至于表面改性技术，它主要包括表面微纳米结构技术和表面涂层技术。此外，建议上述两种技术的结构尺寸远小于近壁热边界层的结构尺寸，并且对单相传热条件的相应影响并不明显。但是，上述两种技术在沸腾条件下会显着影响气泡动力学和两相界面的演化，从而明显改善两相条件下的传热性能。另外，磁场技术和电场技术属于主动传热增强技术，其依赖于冷却剂的物理性质和流场的干预技术。需要说明的是，以上两种技术可以有效地改善单相和两相条件下的传热性能。但是，这种技术仍处于科学研究阶段，没有实际的工程应用。基于目前的技术发展，这两种技术在反应堆堆芯中的应用较弱，在非核环境中的应用也受到限制。