Constructing synthetic cells is fascinating both from the standpoints of understanding cellular machinery and developing bioinspired materials for targeted applications. The ability to impart dynamic shape and structure to such rationally designed assemblies, mimicking cellular morphogenesis, is still in its early stages. In this review, we discuss the interactions between three basic molecular assemblies that have shown promise in shaping synthetic cells: deformable membranes, phase-separated condensates, and the dynamic cytoskeleton. The interplay between these components facilitates compartmentalization, force generation, and dynamic shape changes. We particularly discuss the role of condensates as a versatile intermediary to link the cytoskeleton to the membrane. We propose that hybrid systems of these components present versatile platforms toward the eventual structuring and morphogenesis of artificial cells.

从理解细胞机制和开发针对目标应用的生物启发材料的角度来看，构建合成细胞都令人着迷。向这种合理设计的组件赋予动态形状和结构的功能（模仿细胞形态发生）的能力仍处于早期阶段。在这篇综述中，我们讨论了三个基本分子组件之间的相互作用，这些组件在合成细胞的成型中显示出了希望：可变形膜，相分离的缩合物和动态细胞骨架。这些组件之间的相互作用有利于分隔，产生力和动态形状变化。我们特别讨论了冷凝物作为将细胞骨架连接到膜的通用中间体的作用。。