Since the past decades, environmental challenges have been increasing due to pollution and production costs. For sustainable development, a green supply chain integrates the sustainable environmental process into the traditional supply chain, reducing the cost of production, spur economic growth, and solving ecological issues. Thus, exploring the feasible design of green supply chain systems becomes an essential requirement for industry and commercial organisations. However, the green supply chain system usually integrates various systems currently used by the participants of supply chains. The design of such a large-scale system is quite costly through the conventional discrete event simulation-based approaches. Moreover, formal modelling method (e.g. Petri nets), as an alternative approach, provides formal and efficient support to model creation and analysis. However, the Petri nets cannot achieve compositional modelling, particularly for large-scale and complex systems, e.g., the green supply chain system. For improved compositionality, this paper proposes a hybrid modelling technique to integrate the compositional feature into Petri nets by combining with process algebra due to its superior capability in compositional modelling. The hybrid technique supports the modelling with Petri nets at first. It sorts the incidence matrix of Petri nets’ models to retrieves the mapping relation between Petri nets and performance evaluation process algebra (i.e. PEPA, a formal modelling method based on process algebra), which represents the compositional structure of Petri-net models. Hence, a compositional-structure constructing algorithm is designed to obtain all qualified PEPA hierarchical sub-models based on Petri net models, which combines Petri nets’ usability and the compositionality of PEPA for creating a novel and enhanced formal modelling technique that is particularly suitable for systems such as green supply chain systems.

在过去的几十年中，由于污染和生产成本，环境挑战不断增加。为了实现可持续发展，绿色供应链将可持续环境过程整合到传统供应链中，从而降低了生产成本，刺激了经济增长并解决了生态问题。因此，探索绿色供应链系统的可行设计成为工业和商业组织的基本要求。但是，绿色供应链系统通常会集成供应链参与者当前使用的各种系统。通过常规的基于离散事件模拟的方法，这种大规模系统的设计成本很高。此外，可以采用形式化建模方法（例如Petri网）作为替代方法，为模型创建和分析提供正式有效的支持。但是，Petri网无法实现组成模型，特别是对于大规模和复杂的系统（例如绿色供应链系统）。为了提高组合性，本文提出了一种混合建模技术，由于其在组合建模方面的出色能力，可以通过与过程代数相结合将组合特征整合到Petri网中。混合技术首先支持使用Petri网进行建模。它对Petri网模型的关联矩阵进行排序，以检索Petri网与绩效评估过程代数（即PEPA，一种基于过程代数的正式建模方法）之间的映射关系，该关系表示Petri网模型的组成结构。因此，