To understand socialization pathways in the development of specific, self-relevant emotions, we examined the socialization of third-grade children's experience and expression of pride in a sample of 196 mother–child dyads, including children's gender and race as instantiations of cultural contexts. Mothers' self-reported beliefs about the value of positive emotions, beliefs about the value of negative emotions, and positive expressivity within the family were examined in relation to Black and White boys' and girls' own reported feelings and expressions of pride in response to five vignettes. Results revealed that mothers' beliefs and expressive behaviour were associated with their children's feelings of pride, but were not significantly associated with children's expressing pride in the vignettes. Socialization processes seemed similar across child gender and race, with the one exception of maternal value of positivity being differently associated with children's pride expression by race. Results exploring gender and race as cultural contexts indicated that mothers' beliefs and expressivity varied little by child gender, but did by race; Black mothers reported valuing positive emotions more so than White mothers. Children reported pride differences in the vignettes by both gender and race, with female and Black children reporting feeling and expressing pride more so than male and White children. These findings suggest parental and cultural roles in the socialization of how children feel and express pride.

中文翻译：

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儿童体验的社会化和自​​豪感的表达

为了理解特定的、自我相关的情绪发展中的社会化途径，我们在 196 名母子​​二人的样本中检查了三年级儿童的社会化经历和自豪感表达，包括儿童的性别和种族作为文化背景的实例. 研究了母亲对积极情绪价值的自我报告信念、对消极情绪价值的信念以及家庭中的积极表达与黑人和白人男孩和女孩自己报告的感受和自豪感表达的关系。五个小插曲。结果显示，母亲的信仰和表达行为与孩子的自豪感有关，但与孩子在小插曲中表达的自豪感没有显着相关性。不同性别和种族的儿童的社会化过程似乎相似，但一个例外是积极的母性价值与不同种族的儿童的骄傲表达有不同的关联。将性别和种族作为文化背景进行探索的结果表明，母亲的信仰和表达方式几乎不因孩子性别而异，但会因种族而异；黑人母亲比白人母亲更重视积极情绪。孩子们报告了性别和种族在小插曲中的自豪感差异，女性和黑人儿童比男性和白人儿童更能感受到和表达自豪感。这些发现表明，父母和文化在儿童如何感受和表达自豪感的社会化中扮演着重要角色。除了一个例外，积极的母性价值与不同种族的儿童的骄傲表达有不同的关联。将性别和种族作为文化背景进行探索的结果表明，母亲的信仰和表达方式几乎不因孩子性别而异，但会因种族而异；黑人母亲比白人母亲更重视积极情绪。孩子们报告了性别和种族在小插曲中的自豪感差异，女性和黑人儿童比男性和白人儿童更能感受到和表达自豪感。这些发现表明，父母和文化在儿童如何感受和表达自豪感的社会化中扮演着重要角色。除了一个例外，积极的母性价值与不同种族的儿童的骄傲表达有不同的关联。将性别和种族作为文化背景进行探索的结果表明，母亲的信仰和表达方式几乎不因孩子性别而异，但会因种族而异；黑人母亲比白人母亲更重视积极情绪。孩子们报告了性别和种族在小插曲中的自豪感差异，女性和黑人儿童比男性和白人儿童更能感受到和表达自豪感。这些发现表明，父母和文化在儿童如何感受和表达自豪感的社会化中扮演着重要角色。但是是按种族做的；黑人母亲比白人母亲更重视积极情绪。孩子们报告了性别和种族在小插曲中的自豪感差异，女性和黑人儿童比男性和白人儿童更能感受到和表达自豪感。这些发现表明，父母和文化在儿童如何感受和表达自豪感的社会化中扮演着重要角色。但是是按种族做的；黑人母亲比白人母亲更重视积极情绪。孩子们报告了性别和种族在小插曲中的自豪感差异，女性和黑人儿童比男性和白人儿童更能感受到和表达自豪感。这些发现表明，父母和文化在儿童如何感受和表达自豪感的社会化中扮演着重要角色。