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Design of nematic liquid crystals to control microscale dynamics
Liquid Crystals Reviews ( IF 5.1 ) Pub Date : 2021-05-26 , DOI: 10.1080/21680396.2021.1919576
Oleg D Lavrentovich 1
Affiliation  

ABSTRACT

Dynamics of small particles, both living and inanimate, has fascinated scientists for centuries. Learning how to control it could open technological opportunities in the transformation of stored or environmental energy into systematic motion. This review presents an approach to command microscale dynamics by using liquid crystals as an environment and liquid crystal elastomers as substrates. The orientational order of liquid crystals and associated properties, such as elasticity, surface anchoring, and bulk anisotropy, enable new dynamic effects, ranging from the propagation of particle-like solitary waves to steady directional self-locomotion of active droplets. Liquid crystals could be photoaligned into patterns with varying molecular orientations. In the presence of an electric field, these patterns transport solid and fluid particles by nonlinear electrokinetics rooted in anisotropy of conductivity and permittivity. Patterned lyotropic liquid crystal environment commands the dynamics of swimming bacteria by mediating their hydrodynamic interactions, rectifying active flows, and producing collective polar modes of swimming. Patterned elastomer coatings demonstrate a pre-programmed topography that is effective in shaping the morphology of living tissues. The liquid-crystal guidance holds a major promise in achieving the goal of commanding microscale active flows.



中文翻译:

控制微尺度动力学的向列液晶设计

摘要

几个世纪以来,无论是有生命的还是无生命的小粒子的动力学一直让科学家们着迷。学习如何控制它可以为将储存的或环境的能量转化为系统运动开辟技术机会。这篇综述提出了一种通过使用液晶作为环境和液晶弹性体作为基底来控制微尺度动力学的方法。液晶的取向顺序和相关特性,如弹性、表面锚定和体积各向异性,能够产生新的动态效应,从类颗粒孤立波的传播到活性液滴的稳定定向自运动。液晶可以光排列成具有不同分子取向的图案。在存在电场的情况下,这些图案通过源于电导率和介电常数各向异性的非线性电动学来传输固体和流体颗粒。图案化的溶致液晶环境通过调节游动细菌的流体动力学相互作用、校正主动流并产生游动的集体极性模式来控制游动细菌的动力学。图案化弹性体涂层展示了一种预编程的形貌,可有效塑造活体组织的形态。液晶引导在实现控制微尺度主动流的目标方面具有重大前景。

更新日期:2021-05-27
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