Herein, we investigated the genetic diversity and population structure of Euglossa cordata L., an orchid bee species widely distributed at the heterogeneous set of vegetal physiognomies encompassed in a transition zone (TZ) of different Brazilian biomes. We then tested whether phytogeographic regions would play some rule for the genetic diversity. Results revealed that only 12 and 28 out 78 pairs of samples showed some degree of genetic structure for microsatellites (F_ST≤ 0.029; D_est≤0.091; p < 0.05) and mtDNA(0.138 ≤mt-ϕ_ST≤ 0.495; p < 0.05) markers, respectively. We found evidence of two and three genetic clusters in nuclear and mtDNA markers, but no significant structure based on phytogeographic regions or geographic distances. These findings point out that local idiosyncrasies and historic factors, but not different types of vegetation or geographic distances drive the patterns of the observed genetic structure. Drops in the diversity index and other estimators highlight that E. cordata may have experienced some local bottlenecks despite its resilience to anthropic interferences. These are the first records of relatively high genetic structure in E. cordata populations and have important implications for orchid bees’ conservation.

在此，我们研究了Euglossa cordata L.的遗传多样性和种群结构，Euglossa cordata L. 是一种兰花蜂种，广泛分布在巴西不同生物群落过渡区 (TZ) 的异质植物地貌中。然后我们测试了植物地理区域是否会对遗传多样性发挥某些规则。结果显示，78对样本中只有12对和28对显示出一定程度的微卫星遗传结构（F _ST ≤ 0.029；D _est ≤0.091；p < 0.05）和mtDNA（0.138 ≤mt-ψ _ST）≤0.495；p < 0.05) 标记，分别。我们在核标记和线粒体DNA标记中发现了两个和三个遗传簇的证据，但没有基于植物地理区域或地理距离的显着结构。这些发现指出，当地的特质和历史因素，而不是不同类型的植被或地理距离，驱动了观察到的遗传结构的模式。多样性指数和其他估计值的下降表明，尽管E. cordata对人为干扰具有抵抗力，但它可能经历了一些局部瓶颈。这是E. cordata种群中相对较高遗传结构的首次记录，对兰花蜜蜂的保护具有重要意义。