Abstract

In a long-term field experiment in the western part of the nonchernozemic zone of Russia (Smolensk oblast) on sandy loamy soddy-podzolic soil (Albic Glossic Retisol (Loamic)), the comparison of the effect of various rates and combinations of organic and mineral fertilizers revealed their efficiency in all the studied variants, except for the separate application of phosphorus fertilizers. It was found that the organomineral system—N90P90K90 + manure 9 t/ha—provided a deficit-free humus balance in the soil and stable productivity of crops (average for 30 years) at the level of 3.79 tons of forage units per hectare, or 37% higher than the control (without fertilizers). The mineral fertilizer system—N90P90K90—by the end of the fourth crop rotation was not inferior in the productivity to the organomineral system, but it led to a decrease in the soil humus content and pH_KCl. The organic system with an annual manure rate of 9 t/ha occupied an intermediate position with respect to the crop rotation productivity (3.41 t/ha of forage units), as well as with respect to the soil fertility reproduction. A reliable increase in crop yield in the aftereffect was only recorded in the variants of organic and organomineral fertilizer systems, i.e., when soils were saturated with organic matter from manure. The soil in these variants was characterized by the high total number of microorganisms.

中文翻译：

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长期在化肥土壤上施肥的农艺稳定性

摘要

在俄罗斯非黑cher虫区西部（斯摩棱斯克州）的长期田间试验中，在沙质壤土质的泥质土（Albic Glossic Retisol（土生土））上，比较了不同比例以及有机物和有机物的组合的影响矿物肥料显示了在所有研究的变体中的功效，除了单独施用磷肥外。研究发现，有机矿物系统（N90P90K90 +肥料9吨/公顷）可在土壤中实现无缺陷的腐殖质平衡，并使作物的产量稳定（平均30年），每公顷草料单位为3.79吨，或比对照（不含肥料）高37％。到第四轮轮作结束时，矿物肥料系统（N90P90K90）的生产率不低于有机矿物系统，_氯化钾。年施肥率为9吨/公顷的有机系统相对于农作物轮作生产力（3.41吨/公顷的饲草单位）以及土壤肥力繁殖处于中间位置。仅在有机肥料和有机矿物肥料系统的变体中，即当土壤被粪肥中的有机物饱和时，才能记录到后效作物产量的可靠增加。这些变体中的土壤以微生物总数高为特征。