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Synthesis of natural starch from Elaeis guineensis trunk biomass applying bisulphite steeping method: Optimization by RSM
Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association ( IF 2.7 ) Pub Date : 2021-09-24 , DOI: 10.1080/10962247.2021.1919240
Zaber Ahmed 1 , Mohd Suffian Yusoff 1 , Mokhtar Kamal N H 1 , Hamidi Abdul Aziz 1
Affiliation  

ABSTRACT

A massive quantity of Elaeis guineensis (oil palm) trunk biomass, containing a significant amount of natural starch, is available in Malaysia as biowaste because of annual replantation. The efficient extraction of this starch (carbohydrate polymer) would be worthwhile concerning the environmental sustainability and economy through conversion to bioresources. This study investigated the effectiveness of the bisulfite steeping method for starch synthesis from oil palm trunk (OPT) biowaste. The central composite design (CCD) of Design-Expert software executed an experimental model design, data analysis, evaluated the impacts of process variables and their interaction through response surface methodology to optimize the bisulfite steeping method for starch synthesis. The developed quadratic models for four factors (strength of sodium bisulfite solution, steeping hour, mixing ratio with the bisulfite solution, and ultrapure water) and one response (%Yield) demonstrated that a significant starch yield (13.54%) is achievable employing 0.74% bisulfite solution, 5.6 steeping hours, for 1.6 and 0.6 mixing ratio with the bisulfite solution and ultrapure water respectively. Experimental outcomes were consistent with the predicted model, which eventually sustains the significance of this method. Malvern Zetasizer test revealed a bimodal granular distribution for starch, with 7.15 µm of hydrodynamic size. Starch morphology was determined by scanning electron microscopy. X-ray diffraction investigation exhibits an A-type model, specifying persistent characteristics, while FTIR confirms the presence of hydroxyl, carboxylic, and phenolic groups like other cereal starches.

Implications: Malaysia is the 2nd largest palm oil exporter in the world. About 110 million tons of palm oil trunk (OPT) biomass is available annually during replanting activities. Modification of bio-wastes into a beneficial form (only 22% presently) like starch extraction would ensure potential reuse as a natural coagulant for wastewater and leachate treatment, food source, adhesives towards boosting the country’s economy by sustainable waste management. The current study achieved better starch yield (13.54%) than previous, from the OPT biomass through the novel bisulfite steeping method. Therefore, this method will ascertain the effective implication of numerous economic activities.



中文翻译:

亚硫酸氢盐浸渍法从油菜树干生物质中合成天然淀粉:RSM优化

摘要

大量的Elaeis guineensis(油棕)树干生物质含有大量天然淀粉,由于每年重新种植,在马来西亚可作为生物废物获得。通过转化为生物资源,这种淀粉(碳水化合物聚合物)的有效提取对于环境可持续性和经济性是值得的。本研究调查了亚硫酸氢盐浸渍法从油棕树干 (OPT) 生物废料中合成淀粉的有效性。Design-Expert软件的中心复合设计(CCD)进行了实验模型设计、数据分析,通过响应面法评估了工艺变量的影响及其相互作用,以优化用于淀粉合成的亚硫酸氢盐浸渍法。建立了四个因素的二次模型(亚硫酸氢钠溶液的强度,浸泡时间,与亚硫酸氢盐溶液和超纯水的混合比例)和一个响应(%产量)表明,使用 0.74% 亚硫酸氢盐溶液、5.6 小时的浸泡时间、1.6 和 0.6 的亚硫酸氢盐溶液混合比例,可实现显着的淀粉产量(13.54%)和超纯水。实验结果与预测模型一致,最终维持了该方法的重要性。Malvern Zetasizer 测试显示淀粉呈双峰颗粒分布,流体动力学尺寸为 7.15 µm。通过扫描电子显微镜测定淀粉形态。X 射线衍射研究展示了 A 型模型,指定了持久特性,而 FTIR 证实了与其他谷物淀粉一样存在羟基、羧基和酚基团。和超纯水)和一个响应(%产量)表明,使用 0.74% 的亚硫酸氢盐溶液、5.6 小时的浸泡时间、1.6 和 0.6 的亚硫酸氢盐溶液和超纯水的混合比,可实现显着的淀粉产量(13.54%)。实验结果与预测模型一致,最终维持了该方法的重要性。Malvern Zetasizer 测试显示淀粉呈双峰颗粒分布,流体动力学尺寸为 7.15 µm。通过扫描电子显微镜测定淀粉形态。X 射线衍射研究展示了 A 型模型,指定了持久特性,而 FTIR 证实了与其他谷物淀粉一样存在羟基、羧基和酚基团。和超纯水)和一个响应(%产量)表明,使用 0.74% 的亚硫酸氢盐溶液、5.6 小时的浸泡时间、1.6 和 0.6 的亚硫酸氢盐溶液和超纯水的混合比,可实现显着的淀粉产量(13.54%)。实验结果与预测模型一致,最终维持了该方法的重要性。Malvern Zetasizer 测试显示淀粉呈双峰颗粒分布,流体动力学尺寸为 7.15 µm。通过扫描电子显微镜测定淀粉形态。X 射线衍射研究展示了 A 型模型,指定了持久特性,而 FTIR 证实了与其他谷物淀粉一样存在羟基、羧基和酚基团。74% 亚硫酸氢盐溶液,5.6 小时浸泡,分别与亚硫酸氢盐溶液和超纯水混合比例为 1.6 和 0.6。实验结果与预测模型一致,最终维持了该方法的重要性。Malvern Zetasizer 测试显示淀粉呈双峰颗粒分布,流体动力学尺寸为 7.15 µm。通过扫描电子显微镜测定淀粉形态。X 射线衍射研究展示了 A 型模型,指定了持久特性,而 FTIR 证实了与其他谷物淀粉一样存在羟基、羧基和酚基团。74% 亚硫酸氢盐溶液,5.6 小时浸泡,分别与亚硫酸氢盐溶液和超纯水混合比例为 1.6 和 0.6。实验结果与预测模型一致,最终维持了该方法的重要性。Malvern Zetasizer 测试显示淀粉呈双峰颗粒分布,流体动力学尺寸为 7.15 µm。通过扫描电子显微镜测定淀粉形态。X 射线衍射研究展示了 A 型模型,指定了持久特性,而 FTIR 证实了与其他谷物淀粉一样存在羟基、羧基和酚基团。这最终维持了这种方法的重要性。Malvern Zetasizer 测试显示淀粉呈双峰颗粒分布,流体动力学尺寸为 7.15 µm。通过扫描电子显微镜测定淀粉形态。X 射线衍射研究展示了 A 型模型,指定了持久特性,而 FTIR 证实了与其他谷物淀粉一样存在羟基、羧基和酚基团。这最终维持了这种方法的重要性。Malvern Zetasizer 测试显示淀粉呈双峰颗粒分布,流体动力学尺寸为 7.15 µm。通过扫描电子显微镜测定淀粉形态。X 射线衍射研究展示了 A 型模型,指定了持久特性,而 FTIR 证实了与其他谷物淀粉一样存在羟基、羧基和酚基团。

启示:马来西亚是世界第二大棕榈油出口国。在重新种植活动期间,每年约有 1.1 亿吨棕榈油树干 (OPT) 生物质可用。将生物废物改造成有益的形式(目前只有 22%),如淀粉提取,将确保作为天然混凝剂用于废水和渗滤液处理、食物来源、粘合剂的潜在再利用,从而通过可持续的废物管理促进国家经济。目前的研究通过新型亚硫酸氢盐浸泡法从 OPT 生物质中获得了比以前更好的淀粉产量(13.54%)。因此,该方法将确定众多经济活动的有效含义。

更新日期:2021-09-24
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