The present study assessed whether seven specific character strengths may function to promote resilience or growth following interpersonal loss. A sample of 3710 adults, including 557 who experienced a recent interpersonal loss (defined as death of a first-degree relative or divorce in the previous six months), completed questionnaires at least once across three time points to evaluate the extent to which character strengths predicted the presence of or changes in depression and functional impairment over a six-month period. Exploratory analyses also assessed changes in character strengths over time after loss. Results indicated that depression generally decreased over time and was unrelated to loss. Further, higher scores on the examined strengths predicted resilience, in that they predicted consistently lower levels of depression and impairment over time, regardless of loss. Thus, the seven examined strengths appeared to protect against depression and impairment over time. The loss group demonstrated higher levels of hope and gratitude across time points. Consistent with the concept of post-traumatic growth, results suggest that these strengths may be particularly salient when confronted with loss. Contrary to predictions of post-traumatic growth theory, however, there was little change in strengths over time.

中文翻译：

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面对人际失落的韧性：性格优势的作用

本研究评估了七种特定的性格优势是否可以在人际交往损失后促进恢复力或成长。一个由 3710 名成年人组成的样本，其中包括 557 名最近经历过人际交往障碍（定义为一级亲属死亡或在过去六个月内离婚），在三个时间点至少完成一次问卷，以评估性格优势的程度预测了六个月内抑郁症和功能障碍的存在或变化。探索性分析还评估了损失后性格优势随时间的变化。结果表明，抑郁症通常会随着时间的推移而减轻，并且与失落无关。此外，在所检查的优势上得分越高，预测弹性，因为他们预测随着时间的推移，无论损失如何，抑郁和损伤的水平都会降低。因此，随着时间的推移，这七项检查的优势似乎可以防止抑郁和受损。损失组在不同时间点表现出更高水平的希望和感激。与创伤后成长的概念一致，结果表明这些优势在面临损失时可能特别突出。然而，与创伤后成长理论的预测相反，随着时间的推移，优势几乎没有变化。结果表明，当面临损失时，这些优势可能尤为突出。然而，与创伤后成长理论的预测相反，随着时间的推移，优势几乎没有变化。结果表明，当面临损失时，这些优势可能尤为突出。然而，与创伤后成长理论的预测相反，随着时间的推移，优势几乎没有变化。