Purpose

Electricity flows are frequently used life cycle assessment modeling and are often a significant source of emissions so creating inventories based on detailed inventories, representative of regional differences in grid supplied power, is important. We sought to understand the influence electricity trades have on consumption mixes and developed a method for creating regionalized US electricity inventories based on publicly available data for electricity generation and trades.

Methods

With generation inventories for the eGRID subregions and trading within NERC regions, the trading operates within boundaries representative of distinct production regions while enabling trading. We created two approaches for allocating electricity trades within NERC regions, gross, and net trading. Trading is modeled using FERC data. Gross trading assumes that all trades within a NERC region contribute to each eGRID subregion receiving trades in to satisfy their demand while the net trading approach assumes that only eGRID subregions producing surplus electricity contribute to the mix in regions with deficits.

Results

We introduce the concept of trade pools for modeling electricity flows between individual eGRID subregions and the corresponding NERC regions. Challenges for modeling electricity trade flows are described in the Methodology section. We compare the results of the two trading approaches demonstrating the influence of prioritizing eGRID subregion generation mixes or trading within NERC regions. While trades represent a relatively small portion of total consumed electricity, some eGRID regions, like CAMX and those in New York state, rely heavily on trade to in order to meet their consumptive demand.

Conclusion

The method presented here establishes the basis for eGRID-level consumption mixes which account for energy trades and provide regionalized life cycle inventories for electricity in the USA. We provide recommendations for their use including in attributional LCA as well as approaches requiring marginal electricity demands. The trading approaches have been implemented in a US EPA repository to provide these inventories and can be found at https://github.com/USEPA/ElectricityLCI.

中文翻译：

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使用贸易数据作为代表性清单的区域用电量混合

目的

电力流是经常使用的生命周期评估模型，通常是排放的重要来源，因此，根据详细的清单（代表电网供电区域差异）创建清单非常重要。我们试图了解电力贸易对消费结构的影响，并开发了一种基于可公开获得的发电和贸易数据来创建区域化美国电力清单的方法。

方法

有了eGRID子区域的发电清单和NERC区域内的交易，该交易在代表不同生产区域的边界内进行，同时实现了交易。我们创建了两种方法来分配NERC区域内的电力交易，即总交易和净交易。交易使用FERC数据建模。总交易量假设NERC区域内的所有交易都有助于每个eGRID子区域接受交易以满足他们的需求，而净交易方法假设仅eGRID子区域产生过剩的电力有助于赤字区域的混合。

结果

我们介绍了用于模拟单个eGRID子区域与相应NERC区域之间的电流的交易池的概念。在方法论部分中描述了对电力贸易流进行建模的挑战。我们比较了两种交易方法的结果，这些结果说明了优先确定eGRID次区域发电混合或在NERC地区进行交易的影响。尽管交易只占总用电量的一小部分，但某些eGRID地区（例如CAMX和纽约州的地区）仍严重依赖贸易来满足其消费需求。

结论

此处介绍的方法为eGRID级消费组合奠定了基础，该组合说明了能源贸易，并提供了美国电力的区域化生命周期清单。我们提供了有关其用途的建议，包括在归因LCA以及需要边际电力需求的方法中使用。交易方法已在美国EPA资料库中实施以提供这些清单，并且可以在https://github.com/USEPA/ElectricityLCI中找到。