With the rapid development of logistics industry, vehicle scheduling is the key to the optimization of transportation links. Vehicle transportation route planning is becoming more and more important to reduce logistics costs. In recent decades, the research on VRP and related derivative problems has become more and more extensive. Based on the basic VRP, this paper classifies VRP according to its characteristics and practical application. It focuses on the analysis of VRP with capacity constraint, VRP with time window, VRP with demand splitting and dynamic VRP, and gives the unified description and mathematical model of each type of problem, and then analyzes the solution methods of each type of VRP Finally, combined with other types of VRP, the future research and development trend of VRP are given.

随着物流业的飞速发展，车辆调度是优化运输环节的关键。车辆运输路线规划对于降低物流成本变得越来越重要。近几十年来，对VRP及其相关派生问题的研究越来越广泛。本文基于基本的VRP，根据其特点和实际应用对VRP进行分类。着重分析带容量限制的VRP，带时间窗的VRP，带需求分割的VRP和动态VRP，给出每种类型问题的统一描述和数学模型，然后分析每种VRP的解决方法。结合其他类型的VRP，给出了VRP的未来研究和发展趋势。